.. DO NOT EDIT. .. THIS FILE WAS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY SPHINX-GALLERY. .. TO MAKE CHANGES, EDIT THE SOURCE PYTHON FILE: .. "generated\examples\liver\plot_tristan_volunteers_2scan.py" .. LINE NUMBERS ARE GIVEN BELOW. .. only:: html .. note:: :class: sphx-glr-download-link-note :ref:`Go to the end ` to download the full example code. .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-example-title .. _sphx_glr_generated_examples_liver_plot_tristan_volunteers_2scan.py: ========================================================== Clinical - rifampicin induced inhibition of liver function ========================================================== This example illustrates the use of `~dcmri.AortaLiver2scan` for joint fitting of aorta and liver signals measured over 2 separate scans. The use case is provided by the liver work package of the `TRISTAN project `_ which develops imaging biomarkers for drug safety assessment. The data and analysis was first presented at the ISMRM in 2024 (Min et al 2024, manuscript in press). The data were acquired in the aorta and liver of 10 healthy volunteers with dynamic gadoxetate-enhanced MRI, before and after administration of a drug (rifampicin) which is known to inhibit liver function. The assessments were done on two separate visits at least 2 weeks apart. On each visit, the volunteer had two scans each with a separate contrast agent injection of a quarter dose each. the scans were separated by a gap of about 1 hour to enable gadoxetate to clear from the liver. This design was deemed necessary for reliable measurement of excretion rate when liver function was inhibited. The research question was to what extent rifampicin inhibits gadoxetate uptake rate from the extracellular space into the liver hepatocytes (khe, mL/min/100mL) and excretion rate from hepatocytes to bile (kbh, mL/100mL/min). 2 of the volunteers only had the baseline assessment, the other 8 volunteers completed the full study. The results showed consistent and strong inhibition of khe (95%) and kbh (40%) by rifampicin. This implies that rifampicin poses a risk of drug-drug interactions (DDI), meaning it can cause another drug to circulate in the body for far longer than expected, potentially causing harm or raising a need for dose adjustment. **Note**: this example is different to the 1 scan example of the same study in that this uses both scans to fit the model. Reference --------- Thazin Min, Marta Tibiletti, Paul Hockings, Aleksandra Galetin, Ebony Gunwhy, Gerry Kenna, Nicola Melillo, Geoff JM Parker, Gunnar Schuetz, Daniel Scotcher, John Waterton, Ian Rowe, and Steven Sourbron. *Measurement of liver function with dynamic gadoxetate-enhanced MRI: a validation study in healthy volunteers*. Proc Intl Soc Mag Reson Med, Singapore 2024. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 48-50 Setup ----- .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 50-59 .. code-block:: Python # Import packages import pandas as pd import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import dcmri as dc # Fetch the data from the TRISTAN rifampicin study: data = dc.fetch('tristan_rifampicin') .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 60-64 Model definition ---------------- In order to avoid some repetition in this script, we define a function that returns a trained model for a single dataset with 2 scans: .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 64-110 .. code-block:: Python def tristan_human_2scan(data, **kwargs): model = dc.AortaLiver2scan( # Injection parameters weight = data['weight'], agent = data['agent'], dose = data['dose'][0], dose2 = data['dose'][1], rate = data['rate'], # Acquisition parameters field_strength = data['field_strength'], t0 = data['t0'], TR = data['TR'], FA = data['FA'], # Signal parameters R10a = data['R10b'], R102a = data['R102b'], R10l = data['R10l'], R102l = data['R102l'], # Tissue parameters H = data['Hct'], vol = data['vol'], ) xdata = ( data['time1aorta'], data['time2aorta'], data['time1liver'], data['time2liver'], ) ydata = ( data['signal1aorta'], data['signal2aorta'], data['signal1liver'], data['signal2liver'], ) model.train(xdata, ydata, **kwargs) return xdata, ydata, model .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 111-114 Before running the full analysis on all cases, lets illustrate the results by fitting the baseline visit for the first subject. We use maximum verbosity to get some feedback about the iterations: .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 114-117 .. code-block:: Python xdata, ydata, model = tristan_human_2scan(data[0], xtol=1e-3, verbose=2) .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out .. code-block:: none Iteration Total nfev Cost Cost reduction Step norm Optimality 0 1 5.3733e+07 4.63e+09 1 2 1.0176e+07 4.36e+07 8.79e+02 2.27e+09 2 3 3.4631e+06 6.71e+06 1.13e+02 8.20e+08 3 4 1.7629e+06 1.70e+06 5.17e+02 5.78e+08 4 5 8.0658e+05 9.56e+05 3.94e+02 8.09e+08 5 6 4.2205e+05 3.85e+05 1.48e+02 9.27e+08 6 7 2.3331e+05 1.89e+05 9.75e+01 3.46e+08 7 8 2.0509e+05 2.82e+04 2.64e+01 5.42e+07 8 9 2.0275e+05 2.34e+03 3.60e+01 3.69e+07 9 10 2.0193e+05 8.20e+02 5.01e+00 7.33e+06 `xtol` termination condition is satisfied. Function evaluations 10, initial cost 5.3733e+07, final cost 2.0193e+05, first-order optimality 7.33e+06. Iteration Total nfev Cost Cost reduction Step norm Optimality 0 1 3.3633e+07 7.17e+08 1 2 1.9154e+06 3.17e+07 4.43e+03 3.84e+08 2 3 5.5027e+05 1.37e+06 1.76e+03 1.03e+08 3 4 4.0367e+05 1.47e+05 1.07e+03 2.16e+07 4 5 3.8875e+05 1.49e+04 1.30e+03 2.49e+07 5 6 3.7572e+05 1.30e+04 7.91e+02 7.58e+06 6 7 3.7283e+05 2.88e+03 8.34e+02 7.79e+06 7 8 3.7092e+05 1.92e+03 5.01e+02 2.40e+06 8 9 3.7043e+05 4.85e+02 3.84e+02 1.33e+06 9 10 3.7029e+05 1.39e+02 2.05e+02 3.48e+05 10 11 3.7027e+05 2.71e+01 1.02e+02 8.07e+04 11 12 3.7026e+05 5.05e+00 4.53e+01 1.42e+04 12 13 3.7026e+05 9.42e-01 1.96e+01 2.02e+03 13 14 3.7026e+05 1.77e-01 8.46e+00 1.97e+02 `xtol` termination condition is satisfied. Function evaluations 14, initial cost 3.3633e+07, final cost 3.7026e+05, first-order optimality 1.97e+02. Iteration Total nfev Cost Cost reduction Step norm Optimality 0 1 5.7219e+05 1.68e+06 1 5 5.7219e+05 0.00e+00 0.00e+00 1.68e+06 `xtol` termination condition is satisfied. Function evaluations 5, initial cost 5.7219e+05, final cost 5.7219e+05, first-order optimality 1.68e+06. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 118-120 Plot the results to check that the model has fitted the data. The plot also shows the concentration in the two liver compartments separately: .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 120-123 .. code-block:: Python model.plot(xdata, ydata) .. image-sg:: /generated/examples/liver/images/sphx_glr_plot_tristan_volunteers_2scan_001.png :alt: plot tristan volunteers 2scan :srcset: /generated/examples/liver/images/sphx_glr_plot_tristan_volunteers_2scan_001.png :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 124-127 Print the measured model parameters and any derived parameters. Standard deviations are included as a measure of parameter uncertainty, indicate that all parameters are identified robustly: .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 127-130 .. code-block:: Python model.print_params(round_to=3) .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out .. code-block:: none -------------------------------- Free parameters with their stdev -------------------------------- Aorta second signal scale factor (S02a): 9790.003 (25.346) a.u. Liver second signal scale factor (S02l): 7652.395 (93.269) a.u. Second bolus arrival time (BAT2): 8605.84 (1.143) sec First bolus arrival time (BAT): 75.589 (1.114) sec Cardiac output (CO): 237.442 (10.634) mL/sec Heart-lung mean transit time (Thl): 20.516 (2.012) sec Heart-lung dispersion (Dhl): 0.737 (0.031) Organs blood mean transit time (To): 24.35 (0.845) sec Organs extraction fraction (Eo): 0.126 (0.005) Organs extravascular mean transit time (Toe): 484.077 (24.797) sec Body extraction fraction (Eb): 0.055 (0.004) Liver extracellular volume fraction (ve): 0.3 (0.011) mL/cm3 Extracellular mean transit time (Te): 39.552 (1.946) sec Extracellular dispersion (De): 0.725 (0.027) Initial hepatocellular uptake rate (khe_i): 0.006 (0.0) mL/sec/cm3 Final hepatocellular uptake rate (khe_f): 0.001 (0.0) mL/sec/cm3 Initial hepatocellular mean transit time (Th_i): 1248.993 (78.574) sec Final hepatocellular mean transit time (Th_f): 8102.991 (348.653) sec ---------------------------- Fixed and derived parameters ---------------------------- Hematocrit (H): 0.45 Hepatocellular mean transit time (Th): 4675.992 sec Hepatocellular uptake rate (khe): 0.004 mL/sec/cm3 Biliary tissue excretion rate (Kbh): 0.0 mL/sec/cm3 Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate (Khe): 0.013 mL/sec/cm3 Biliary excretion rate (kbh): 0.0 mL/sec/cm3 Initial biliary excretion rate (kbh_i): 0.001 mL/sec/cm3 Final biliary excretion rate (kbh_f): 0.0 mL/sec/cm3 Liver blood clearance (CL): 4.225 mL/sec .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 131-137 Fit all data ------------ Now that we have illustrated an individual result in some detail, we proceed with fitting the data for all 10 volunteers, at baseline and rifampicin visit. We do not print output for these individual computations and instead store results in one single dataframe: .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 137-165 .. code-block:: Python results = [] # Loop over all datasets for scan in data: # Generate a trained model for the scan: _, _, model = tristan_human_2scan(scan, xtol=1e-3) # Convert the parameter dictionary to a dataframe pars = model.export_params() pars = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(pars, orient = 'index', columns = ["name", "value", "unit", 'stdev']) pars['parameter'] = pars.index pars['visit'] = scan['visit'] pars['subject'] = scan['subject'] # Add the dataframe to the list of results results.append(pars) # Combine all results into a single dataframe. results = pd.concat(results).reset_index(drop=True) # Print all results print(results.to_string()) .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out .. code-block:: none name value unit stdev parameter visit subject 0 Aorta second signal scale factor 9.790003e+03 a.u. 2.534619e+01 S02a baseline 001 1 Liver second signal scale factor 7.652395e+03 a.u. 9.326895e+01 S02l baseline 001 2 Second bolus arrival time 8.605840e+03 sec 1.142642e+00 BAT2 baseline 001 3 First bolus arrival time 7.558906e+01 sec 1.114240e+00 BAT baseline 001 4 Cardiac output 2.374419e+02 mL/sec 1.063401e+01 CO baseline 001 5 Heart-lung mean transit time 2.051618e+01 sec 2.012007e+00 Thl baseline 001 6 Heart-lung dispersion 7.369967e-01 3.081746e-02 Dhl baseline 001 7 Organs blood mean transit time 2.435014e+01 sec 8.446140e-01 To baseline 001 8 Organs extraction fraction 1.261710e-01 5.303117e-03 Eo baseline 001 9 Organs extravascular mean transit time 4.840767e+02 sec 2.479693e+01 Toe baseline 001 10 Body extraction fraction 5.546047e-02 4.048457e-03 Eb baseline 001 11 Hematocrit 4.500000e-01 0.000000e+00 H baseline 001 12 Liver extracellular volume fraction 2.997399e-01 mL/cm3 1.072718e-02 ve baseline 001 13 Extracellular mean transit time 3.955193e+01 sec 1.946308e+00 Te baseline 001 14 Extracellular dispersion 7.246806e-01 2.673612e-02 De baseline 001 15 Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 6.238768e-03 mL/sec/cm3 8.592832e-05 khe_i baseline 001 16 Final hepatocellular uptake rate 1.400168e-03 mL/sec/cm3 4.676632e-05 khe_f baseline 001 17 Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 1.248993e+03 sec 7.857431e+01 Th_i baseline 001 18 Final hepatocellular mean transit time 8.102991e+03 sec 3.486531e+02 Th_f baseline 001 19 Hepatocellular mean transit time 4.675992e+03 sec 0.000000e+00 Th baseline 001 20 Hepatocellular uptake rate 3.819468e-03 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 khe baseline 001 21 Biliary tissue excretion rate 2.138584e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Kbh baseline 001 22 Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 1.274261e-02 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Khe baseline 001 23 Biliary excretion rate 1.497565e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh baseline 001 24 Initial biliary excretion rate 5.606597e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_i baseline 001 25 Final biliary excretion rate 8.641995e-05 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_f baseline 001 26 Liver blood clearance 4.225147e+00 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 CL baseline 001 27 Aorta second signal scale factor 1.068745e+04 a.u. 3.277761e+01 S02a baseline 002 28 Liver second signal scale factor 7.807842e+03 a.u. 2.579039e+01 S02l baseline 002 29 Second bolus arrival time 1.716537e+04 sec 2.083354e+00 BAT2 baseline 002 30 First bolus arrival time 8.087931e+01 sec 1.876014e+00 BAT baseline 002 31 Cardiac output 8.259407e+01 mL/sec 6.785022e+00 CO baseline 002 32 Heart-lung mean transit time 1.480830e+01 sec 1.966711e+00 Thl baseline 002 33 Heart-lung dispersion 4.738225e-01 4.247400e-02 Dhl baseline 002 34 Organs blood mean transit time 1.679465e+01 sec 1.345368e+00 To baseline 002 35 Organs extraction fraction 1.778843e-01 1.565010e-02 Eo baseline 002 36 Organs extravascular mean transit time 3.711932e+02 sec 3.429866e+01 Toe baseline 002 37 Body extraction fraction 5.675131e-02 7.405950e-03 Eb baseline 002 38 Hematocrit 4.500000e-01 0.000000e+00 H baseline 002 39 Liver extracellular volume fraction 1.077692e-01 mL/cm3 3.134941e-02 ve baseline 002 40 Extracellular mean transit time 1.447029e+01 sec 5.588465e+00 Te baseline 002 41 Extracellular dispersion 6.985310e-01 1.896633e-01 De baseline 002 42 Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 4.359533e-03 mL/sec/cm3 1.455447e-04 khe_i baseline 002 43 Final hepatocellular uptake rate 1.103109e-02 mL/sec/cm3 3.087071e-04 khe_f baseline 002 44 Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 2.955713e+03 sec 2.665506e+02 Th_i baseline 002 45 Final hepatocellular mean transit time 1.677783e+03 sec 9.249415e+01 Th_f baseline 002 46 Hepatocellular mean transit time 2.316748e+03 sec 0.000000e+00 Th baseline 002 47 Hepatocellular uptake rate 7.695313e-03 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 khe baseline 002 48 Biliary tissue excretion rate 4.316396e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Kbh baseline 002 49 Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 7.140551e-02 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Khe baseline 002 50 Biliary excretion rate 3.851221e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh baseline 002 51 Initial biliary excretion rate 3.018666e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_i baseline 002 52 Final biliary excretion rate 5.317917e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_f baseline 002 53 Liver blood clearance 5.261125e+00 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 CL baseline 002 54 Aorta second signal scale factor 1.104714e+04 a.u. 2.124255e+01 S02a baseline 003 55 Liver second signal scale factor 8.753487e+03 a.u. 1.943245e+01 S02l baseline 003 56 Second bolus arrival time 2.100867e+06 sec 3.058986e-10 BAT2 baseline 003 57 First bolus arrival time 7.150359e+01 sec 1.114932e+00 BAT baseline 003 58 Cardiac output 1.245690e+02 mL/sec 4.886428e+00 CO baseline 003 59 Heart-lung mean transit time 1.389792e+01 sec 1.781345e+00 Thl baseline 003 60 Heart-lung dispersion 4.018230e-01 3.135199e-02 Dhl baseline 003 61 Organs blood mean transit time 1.898849e+01 sec 2.841730e+00 To baseline 003 62 Organs extraction fraction 1.371285e-01 1.466326e-02 Eo baseline 003 63 Organs extravascular mean transit time 2.765308e+02 sec 3.435533e+01 Toe baseline 003 64 Body extraction fraction 6.733241e-02 4.197772e-03 Eb baseline 003 65 Hematocrit 4.500000e-01 0.000000e+00 H baseline 003 66 Liver extracellular volume fraction 1.169877e-01 mL/cm3 7.512875e-02 ve baseline 003 67 Extracellular mean transit time 1.524337e+01 sec 1.241165e+01 Te baseline 003 68 Extracellular dispersion 7.568638e-01 2.811261e-01 De baseline 003 69 Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 8.517759e-03 mL/sec/cm3 4.479351e-04 khe_i baseline 003 70 Final hepatocellular uptake rate 8.879915e-03 mL/sec/cm3 5.899914e-02 khe_f baseline 003 71 Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 2.240206e+03 sec 1.887264e+03 Th_i baseline 003 72 Final hepatocellular mean transit time 6.157018e+02 sec 1.711073e+03 Th_f baseline 003 73 Hepatocellular mean transit time 1.427954e+03 sec 0.000000e+00 Th baseline 003 74 Hepatocellular uptake rate 8.698837e-03 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 khe baseline 003 75 Biliary tissue excretion rate 7.003028e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Kbh baseline 003 76 Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 7.435682e-02 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Khe baseline 003 77 Biliary excretion rate 6.183760e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh baseline 003 78 Initial biliary excretion rate 3.941657e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_i baseline 003 79 Final biliary excretion rate 1.434156e-03 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_f baseline 003 80 Liver blood clearance 7.603412e+00 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 CL baseline 003 81 Aorta second signal scale factor 6.260295e+03 a.u. 2.374397e+01 S02a baseline 004 82 Liver second signal scale factor 5.365149e+03 a.u. 1.100867e+02 S02l baseline 004 83 Second bolus arrival time 9.542710e+03 sec 7.994204e-02 BAT2 baseline 004 84 First bolus arrival time 6.750477e+01 sec 9.715527e-02 BAT baseline 004 85 Cardiac output 7.173984e+01 mL/sec 8.410821e-01 CO baseline 004 86 Heart-lung mean transit time 1.609242e+01 sec 1.328760e-01 Thl baseline 004 87 Heart-lung dispersion 3.259796e-01 4.135827e-03 Dhl baseline 004 88 Organs blood mean transit time 2.841067e+01 sec 9.599462e-01 To baseline 004 89 Organs extraction fraction 2.821694e-01 6.571713e-03 Eo baseline 004 90 Organs extravascular mean transit time 4.015784e+02 sec 2.130674e+01 Toe baseline 004 91 Body extraction fraction 1.499917e-01 5.206556e-03 Eb baseline 004 92 Hematocrit 4.500000e-01 0.000000e+00 H baseline 004 93 Liver extracellular volume fraction 5.353815e-02 mL/cm3 1.348307e-02 ve baseline 004 94 Extracellular mean transit time 2.374356e+01 sec 4.796701e+00 Te baseline 004 95 Extracellular dispersion 5.435083e-01 1.089763e-01 De baseline 004 96 Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 3.357391e-03 mL/sec/cm3 5.282094e-05 khe_i baseline 004 97 Final hepatocellular uptake rate 5.283150e-03 mL/sec/cm3 1.514760e-04 khe_f baseline 004 98 Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 1.019526e+04 sec 1.576101e+03 Th_i baseline 004 99 Final hepatocellular mean transit time 2.067764e+04 sec 4.746900e+03 Th_f baseline 004 100 Hepatocellular mean transit time 1.543645e+04 sec 0.000000e+00 Th baseline 004 101 Hepatocellular uptake rate 4.320270e-03 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 khe baseline 004 102 Biliary tissue excretion rate 6.478172e-05 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Kbh baseline 004 103 Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 8.069518e-02 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Khe baseline 004 104 Biliary excretion rate 6.131343e-05 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh baseline 004 105 Initial biliary excretion rate 9.283349e-05 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_i baseline 004 106 Final biliary excretion rate 4.577223e-05 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_f baseline 004 107 Liver blood clearance 3.827964e+00 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 CL baseline 004 108 Aorta second signal scale factor 7.728036e+03 a.u. 2.048801e+01 S02a baseline 005 109 Liver second signal scale factor 9.061177e+03 a.u. 3.519168e+01 S02l baseline 005 110 Second bolus arrival time 1.002565e+04 sec 1.018252e+00 BAT2 baseline 005 111 First bolus arrival time 7.191274e+01 sec 1.247311e+00 BAT baseline 005 112 Cardiac output 8.963623e+01 mL/sec 2.672567e+00 CO baseline 005 113 Heart-lung mean transit time 1.892800e+01 sec 1.277501e+00 Thl baseline 005 114 Heart-lung dispersion 4.892479e-01 2.221552e-02 Dhl baseline 005 115 Organs blood mean transit time 2.838525e+01 sec 1.314254e+00 To baseline 005 116 Organs extraction fraction 1.793198e-01 7.823017e-03 Eo baseline 005 117 Organs extravascular mean transit time 3.986469e+02 sec 2.445475e+01 Toe baseline 005 118 Body extraction fraction 7.373785e-02 3.951944e-03 Eb baseline 005 119 Hematocrit 4.500000e-01 0.000000e+00 H baseline 005 120 Liver extracellular volume fraction 1.422213e-01 mL/cm3 2.236058e-02 ve baseline 005 121 Extracellular mean transit time 3.204395e+01 sec 5.718363e+00 Te baseline 005 122 Extracellular dispersion 7.322261e-01 6.618727e-02 De baseline 005 123 Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 6.011042e-03 mL/sec/cm3 9.396432e-05 khe_i baseline 005 124 Final hepatocellular uptake rate 4.189975e-03 mL/sec/cm3 8.652061e-05 khe_f baseline 005 125 Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 1.812446e+03 sec 5.314584e+01 Th_i baseline 005 126 Final hepatocellular mean transit time 2.101475e+03 sec 9.439128e+01 Th_f baseline 005 127 Hepatocellular mean transit time 1.956960e+03 sec 0.000000e+00 Th baseline 005 128 Hepatocellular uptake rate 5.100509e-03 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 khe baseline 005 129 Biliary tissue excretion rate 5.109966e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Kbh baseline 005 130 Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 3.586319e-02 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Khe baseline 005 131 Biliary excretion rate 4.383220e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh baseline 005 132 Initial biliary excretion rate 4.732713e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_i baseline 005 133 Final biliary excretion rate 4.081794e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_f baseline 005 134 Liver blood clearance 3.597502e+00 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 CL baseline 005 135 Aorta second signal scale factor 6.308503e+03 a.u. 2.479287e+01 S02a baseline 006 136 Liver second signal scale factor 6.693531e+03 a.u. 6.227205e+01 S02l baseline 006 137 Second bolus arrival time 8.589060e+03 sec 2.733337e-01 BAT2 baseline 006 138 First bolus arrival time 7.423165e+01 sec 3.831854e-01 BAT baseline 006 139 Cardiac output 1.020211e+02 mL/sec 2.769105e+00 CO baseline 006 140 Heart-lung mean transit time 1.261570e+01 sec 5.469481e-01 Thl baseline 006 141 Heart-lung dispersion 3.383492e-01 1.166049e-02 Dhl baseline 006 142 Organs blood mean transit time 2.166915e+01 sec 1.575679e+00 To baseline 006 143 Organs extraction fraction 1.738630e-01 9.153730e-03 Eo baseline 006 144 Organs extravascular mean transit time 2.843008e+02 sec 2.073459e+01 Toe baseline 006 145 Body extraction fraction 6.818491e-02 3.469490e-03 Eb baseline 006 146 Hematocrit 4.500000e-01 0.000000e+00 H baseline 006 147 Liver extracellular volume fraction 2.674502e-01 mL/cm3 3.661943e-02 ve baseline 006 148 Extracellular mean transit time 4.441451e+01 sec 6.786409e+00 Te baseline 006 149 Extracellular dispersion 7.153842e-01 5.128847e-02 De baseline 006 150 Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 6.962524e-03 mL/sec/cm3 1.579570e-04 khe_i baseline 006 151 Final hepatocellular uptake rate 5.456721e-03 mL/sec/cm3 1.436747e-04 khe_f baseline 006 152 Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 2.752755e+03 sec 1.526458e+02 Th_i baseline 006 153 Final hepatocellular mean transit time 2.284406e+03 sec 1.560445e+02 Th_f baseline 006 154 Hepatocellular mean transit time 2.518581e+03 sec 0.000000e+00 Th baseline 006 155 Hepatocellular uptake rate 6.209623e-03 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 khe baseline 006 156 Biliary tissue excretion rate 3.970490e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Kbh baseline 006 157 Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 2.321786e-02 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Khe baseline 006 158 Biliary excretion rate 2.908582e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh baseline 006 159 Initial biliary excretion rate 2.661152e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_i baseline 006 160 Final biliary excretion rate 3.206740e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_f baseline 006 161 Liver blood clearance 4.291780e+00 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 CL baseline 006 162 Aorta second signal scale factor 6.534956e+03 a.u. 2.312955e+01 S02a baseline 007 163 Liver second signal scale factor 7.687771e+03 a.u. 5.696816e+01 S02l baseline 007 164 Second bolus arrival time 7.271230e+03 sec 2.260513e-01 BAT2 baseline 007 165 First bolus arrival time 7.028368e+01 sec 1.924356e-01 BAT baseline 007 166 Cardiac output 1.757943e+02 mL/sec 3.791632e+00 CO baseline 007 167 Heart-lung mean transit time 1.068567e+01 sec 3.327016e-01 Thl baseline 007 168 Heart-lung dispersion 3.450955e-01 1.081868e-02 Dhl baseline 007 169 Organs blood mean transit time 1.515364e+01 sec 9.373278e-01 To baseline 007 170 Organs extraction fraction 2.003283e-01 8.622718e-03 Eo baseline 007 171 Organs extravascular mean transit time 2.396793e+02 sec 1.125135e+01 Toe baseline 007 172 Body extraction fraction 3.050353e-02 1.259251e-03 Eb baseline 007 173 Hematocrit 4.500000e-01 0.000000e+00 H baseline 007 174 Liver extracellular volume fraction 2.291996e-01 mL/cm3 9.059023e-02 ve baseline 007 175 Extracellular mean transit time 5.955697e+01 sec 2.619684e+01 Te baseline 007 176 Extracellular dispersion 9.650201e-01 3.449981e-02 De baseline 007 177 Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 5.988380e-03 mL/sec/cm3 1.666014e-04 khe_i baseline 007 178 Final hepatocellular uptake rate 4.606695e-03 mL/sec/cm3 1.978771e-04 khe_f baseline 007 179 Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 1.469081e+03 sec 5.155471e+01 Th_i baseline 007 180 Final hepatocellular mean transit time 2.176214e+03 sec 1.045250e+02 Th_f baseline 007 181 Hepatocellular mean transit time 1.822648e+03 sec 0.000000e+00 Th baseline 007 182 Hepatocellular uptake rate 5.297538e-03 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 khe baseline 007 183 Biliary tissue excretion rate 5.486524e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Kbh baseline 007 184 Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 2.311321e-02 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Khe baseline 007 185 Biliary excretion rate 4.229015e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh baseline 007 186 Initial biliary excretion rate 5.246820e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_i baseline 007 187 Final biliary excretion rate 3.541933e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_f baseline 007 188 Liver blood clearance 5.001750e+00 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 CL baseline 007 189 Aorta second signal scale factor 9.778976e+03 a.u. 2.662501e+01 S02a baseline 008 190 Liver second signal scale factor 7.704682e+03 a.u. 4.509005e+01 S02l baseline 008 191 Second bolus arrival time 7.593558e+03 sec 2.546230e-01 BAT2 baseline 008 192 First bolus arrival time 7.591652e+01 sec 4.313180e-01 BAT baseline 008 193 Cardiac output 2.258042e+02 mL/sec 5.572230e+00 CO baseline 008 194 Heart-lung mean transit time 1.540723e+01 sec 5.563777e-01 Thl baseline 008 195 Heart-lung dispersion 3.533015e-01 1.253068e-02 Dhl baseline 008 196 Organs blood mean transit time 1.571758e+01 sec 1.197039e+00 To baseline 008 197 Organs extraction fraction 1.335559e-01 7.731043e-03 Eo baseline 008 198 Organs extravascular mean transit time 2.680322e+02 sec 1.829629e+01 Toe baseline 008 199 Body extraction fraction 3.842833e-02 1.662587e-03 Eb baseline 008 200 Hematocrit 4.500000e-01 0.000000e+00 H baseline 008 201 Liver extracellular volume fraction 1.655944e-01 mL/cm3 1.847784e-02 ve baseline 008 202 Extracellular mean transit time 1.758871e+01 sec 3.242349e+00 Te baseline 008 203 Extracellular dispersion 5.425680e-01 1.116991e-01 De baseline 008 204 Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 6.693875e-03 mL/sec/cm3 1.382721e-04 khe_i baseline 008 205 Final hepatocellular uptake rate 4.038630e-03 mL/sec/cm3 1.140577e-04 khe_f baseline 008 206 Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 1.364997e+03 sec 5.675045e+01 Th_i baseline 008 207 Final hepatocellular mean transit time 2.668694e+03 sec 1.726779e+02 Th_f baseline 008 208 Hepatocellular mean transit time 2.016845e+03 sec 0.000000e+00 Th baseline 008 209 Hepatocellular uptake rate 5.366252e-03 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 khe baseline 008 210 Biliary tissue excretion rate 4.958238e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Kbh baseline 008 211 Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 3.240601e-02 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Khe baseline 008 212 Biliary excretion rate 4.137182e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh baseline 008 213 Initial biliary excretion rate 6.112876e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_i baseline 008 214 Final biliary excretion rate 3.126644e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_f baseline 008 215 Liver blood clearance 5.523532e+00 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 CL baseline 008 216 Aorta second signal scale factor 6.183249e+03 a.u. 1.584216e+01 S02a baseline 009 217 Liver second signal scale factor 4.561677e+03 a.u. 1.777014e+01 S02l baseline 009 218 Second bolus arrival time 7.762258e+03 sec 5.334495e-01 BAT2 baseline 009 219 First bolus arrival time 7.524607e+01 sec 5.229739e-01 BAT baseline 009 220 Cardiac output 2.043753e+02 mL/sec 3.492812e+00 CO baseline 009 221 Heart-lung mean transit time 1.290791e+01 sec 6.517584e-01 Thl baseline 009 222 Heart-lung dispersion 4.259642e-01 1.521851e-02 Dhl baseline 009 223 Organs blood mean transit time 3.005625e+01 sec 1.265839e+00 To baseline 009 224 Organs extraction fraction 1.449450e-01 7.372872e-03 Eo baseline 009 225 Organs extravascular mean transit time 3.380329e+02 sec 2.324903e+01 Toe baseline 009 226 Body extraction fraction 5.752705e-02 2.014471e-03 Eb baseline 009 227 Hematocrit 4.500000e-01 0.000000e+00 H baseline 009 228 Liver extracellular volume fraction 1.675861e-01 mL/cm3 2.104012e-02 ve baseline 009 229 Extracellular mean transit time 3.456468e+01 sec 6.116588e+00 Te baseline 009 230 Extracellular dispersion 7.461004e-01 6.292046e-02 De baseline 009 231 Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 3.661374e-03 mL/sec/cm3 8.506313e-05 khe_i baseline 009 232 Final hepatocellular uptake rate 3.426128e-03 mL/sec/cm3 1.107454e-04 khe_f baseline 009 233 Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 1.851330e+03 sec 6.954969e+01 Th_i baseline 009 234 Final hepatocellular mean transit time 1.565833e+03 sec 7.646353e+01 Th_f baseline 009 235 Hepatocellular mean transit time 1.708581e+03 sec 0.000000e+00 Th baseline 009 236 Hepatocellular uptake rate 3.543751e-03 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 khe baseline 009 237 Biliary tissue excretion rate 5.852808e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Kbh baseline 009 238 Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 2.114586e-02 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Khe baseline 009 239 Biliary excretion rate 4.871959e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh baseline 009 240 Initial biliary excretion rate 4.496303e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_i baseline 009 241 Final biliary excretion rate 5.316109e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_f baseline 009 242 Liver blood clearance 4.203302e+00 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 CL baseline 009 243 Aorta second signal scale factor 6.756897e+03 a.u. 4.084431e+01 S02a baseline 010 244 Liver second signal scale factor 4.772284e+03 a.u. 1.183895e+02 S02l baseline 010 245 Second bolus arrival time 8.502349e+03 sec 4.215953e-01 BAT2 baseline 010 246 First bolus arrival time 6.909281e+01 sec 5.533731e-01 BAT baseline 010 247 Cardiac output 9.841052e+01 mL/sec 1.545704e+00 CO baseline 010 248 Heart-lung mean transit time 2.031928e+01 sec 6.607153e-01 Thl baseline 010 249 Heart-lung dispersion 3.844445e-01 9.952135e-03 Dhl baseline 010 250 Organs blood mean transit time 5.061254e+01 sec 1.946560e+00 To baseline 010 251 Organs extraction fraction 1.649517e-01 4.878390e-03 Eo baseline 010 252 Organs extravascular mean transit time 7.616421e+02 sec 5.301621e+01 Toe baseline 010 253 Body extraction fraction 2.677284e-02 2.859500e-03 Eb baseline 010 254 Hematocrit 4.500000e-01 0.000000e+00 H baseline 010 255 Liver extracellular volume fraction 8.214578e-02 mL/cm3 2.372546e-02 ve baseline 010 256 Extracellular mean transit time 2.443507e+01 sec 5.935474e+00 Te baseline 010 257 Extracellular dispersion 5.314686e-01 1.377580e-01 De baseline 010 258 Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 4.489324e-03 mL/sec/cm3 1.002516e-04 khe_i baseline 010 259 Final hepatocellular uptake rate 6.633631e-03 mL/sec/cm3 2.799227e-04 khe_f baseline 010 260 Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 1.444496e+03 sec 4.908453e+01 Th_i baseline 010 261 Final hepatocellular mean transit time 1.631236e+03 sec 4.983778e+01 Th_f baseline 010 262 Hepatocellular mean transit time 1.537866e+03 sec 0.000000e+00 Th baseline 010 263 Hepatocellular uptake rate 5.561477e-03 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 khe baseline 010 264 Biliary tissue excretion rate 6.502518e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Kbh baseline 010 265 Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 6.770253e-02 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Khe baseline 010 266 Biliary excretion rate 5.968363e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh baseline 010 267 Initial biliary excretion rate 6.354150e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_i baseline 010 268 Final biliary excretion rate 5.626740e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_f baseline 010 269 Liver blood clearance 5.983544e+00 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 CL baseline 010 270 Aorta second signal scale factor 1.025927e+04 a.u. 2.419432e+01 S02a rifampicin 002 271 Liver second signal scale factor 8.506374e+03 a.u. 2.401609e+02 S02l rifampicin 002 272 Second bolus arrival time 1.028445e+04 sec 3.837856e-01 BAT2 rifampicin 002 273 First bolus arrival time 7.759062e+01 sec 1.038779e-01 BAT rifampicin 002 274 Cardiac output 1.177329e+02 mL/sec 4.319328e+00 CO rifampicin 002 275 Heart-lung mean transit time 1.214618e+01 sec 5.006440e-01 Thl rifampicin 002 276 Heart-lung dispersion 4.790756e-01 1.954086e-02 Dhl rifampicin 002 277 Organs blood mean transit time 1.715073e+01 sec 1.339577e+00 To rifampicin 002 278 Organs extraction fraction 1.225905e-01 9.034448e-03 Eo rifampicin 002 279 Organs extravascular mean transit time 3.222647e+02 sec 3.722110e+01 Toe rifampicin 002 280 Body extraction fraction 4.278493e-02 3.008921e-03 Eb rifampicin 002 281 Hematocrit 4.500000e-01 0.000000e+00 H rifampicin 002 282 Liver extracellular volume fraction 1.940598e-01 mL/cm3 1.422747e-02 ve rifampicin 002 283 Extracellular mean transit time 2.830451e+01 sec 4.735010e+00 Te rifampicin 002 284 Extracellular dispersion 7.705431e-01 6.961748e-02 De rifampicin 002 285 Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 4.268645e-04 mL/sec/cm3 3.385059e-05 khe_i rifampicin 002 286 Final hepatocellular uptake rate 5.849649e-04 mL/sec/cm3 1.370811e-04 khe_f rifampicin 002 287 Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 3.599999e+04 sec 6.794414e+04 Th_i rifampicin 002 288 Final hepatocellular mean transit time 1.792920e+03 sec 1.252029e+03 Th_f rifampicin 002 289 Hepatocellular mean transit time 1.889646e+04 sec 0.000000e+00 Th rifampicin 002 290 Hepatocellular uptake rate 5.059147e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 khe rifampicin 002 291 Biliary tissue excretion rate 5.291998e-05 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Kbh rifampicin 002 292 Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 2.607004e-03 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Khe rifampicin 002 293 Biliary excretion rate 4.265034e-05 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh rifampicin 002 294 Initial biliary excretion rate 2.238723e-05 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_i rifampicin 002 295 Final biliary excretion rate 4.495126e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_f rifampicin 002 296 Liver blood clearance 4.059669e-01 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 CL rifampicin 002 297 Aorta second signal scale factor 1.282969e+04 a.u. 2.881149e+01 S02a rifampicin 003 298 Liver second signal scale factor 9.283317e+03 a.u. 7.283272e+01 S02l rifampicin 003 299 Second bolus arrival time 7.309108e+03 sec 4.837044e-01 BAT2 rifampicin 003 300 First bolus arrival time 6.862689e+01 sec 3.069794e-01 BAT rifampicin 003 301 Cardiac output 1.196142e+02 mL/sec 2.973951e+00 CO rifampicin 003 302 Heart-lung mean transit time 1.205194e+01 sec 5.613855e-01 Thl rifampicin 003 303 Heart-lung dispersion 4.349731e-01 1.596970e-02 Dhl rifampicin 003 304 Organs blood mean transit time 2.090305e+01 sec 1.147528e+00 To rifampicin 003 305 Organs extraction fraction 1.033045e-01 6.901391e-03 Eo rifampicin 003 306 Organs extravascular mean transit time 3.438713e+02 sec 3.348141e+01 Toe rifampicin 003 307 Body extraction fraction 3.001345e-02 1.568785e-03 Eb rifampicin 003 308 Hematocrit 4.500000e-01 0.000000e+00 H rifampicin 003 309 Liver extracellular volume fraction 2.070830e-01 mL/cm3 1.527464e-02 ve rifampicin 003 310 Extracellular mean transit time 2.550810e+01 sec 3.320658e+00 Te rifampicin 003 311 Extracellular dispersion 6.729742e-01 6.219604e-02 De rifampicin 003 312 Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 5.325696e-04 mL/sec/cm3 6.622670e-05 khe_i rifampicin 003 313 Final hepatocellular uptake rate 7.264247e-04 mL/sec/cm3 1.437974e-04 khe_f rifampicin 003 314 Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 4.103029e+03 sec 1.680962e+03 Th_i rifampicin 003 315 Final hepatocellular mean transit time 3.315644e+03 sec 1.224088e+03 Th_f rifampicin 003 316 Hepatocellular mean transit time 3.709336e+03 sec 0.000000e+00 Th rifampicin 003 317 Hepatocellular uptake rate 6.294971e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 khe rifampicin 003 318 Biliary tissue excretion rate 2.695900e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Kbh rifampicin 003 319 Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 3.039830e-03 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Khe rifampicin 003 320 Biliary excretion rate 2.137625e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh rifampicin 003 321 Initial biliary excretion rate 1.932516e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_i rifampicin 003 322 Final biliary excretion rate 2.391442e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_f rifampicin 003 323 Liver blood clearance 5.424802e-01 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 CL rifampicin 003 324 Aorta second signal scale factor 6.998604e+03 a.u. 2.098664e+01 S02a rifampicin 004 325 Liver second signal scale factor 6.125340e+03 a.u. 9.679275e+01 S02l rifampicin 004 326 Second bolus arrival time 9.212559e+03 sec 1.049309e-01 BAT2 rifampicin 004 327 First bolus arrival time 6.714546e+01 sec 1.164887e-01 BAT rifampicin 004 328 Cardiac output 1.027166e+02 mL/sec 1.080829e+00 CO rifampicin 004 329 Heart-lung mean transit time 1.483409e+01 sec 1.798564e-01 Thl rifampicin 004 330 Heart-lung dispersion 4.373305e-01 4.784599e-03 Dhl rifampicin 004 331 Organs blood mean transit time 4.914585e+01 sec 1.428366e+00 To rifampicin 004 332 Organs extraction fraction 1.768155e-01 5.464133e-03 Eo rifampicin 004 333 Organs extravascular mean transit time 4.739322e+02 sec 3.251774e+01 Toe rifampicin 004 334 Body extraction fraction 4.288334e-02 2.581626e-03 Eb rifampicin 004 335 Hematocrit 4.500000e-01 0.000000e+00 H rifampicin 004 336 Liver extracellular volume fraction 1.971869e-01 mL/cm3 8.895665e-03 ve rifampicin 004 337 Extracellular mean transit time 5.244326e+01 sec 3.601976e+00 Te rifampicin 004 338 Extracellular dispersion 8.021806e-01 2.299986e-02 De rifampicin 004 339 Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 2.904357e-04 mL/sec/cm3 4.074175e-05 khe_i rifampicin 004 340 Final hepatocellular uptake rate 4.982096e-04 mL/sec/cm3 4.924296e-05 khe_f rifampicin 004 341 Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 4.139701e+03 sec 2.182049e+03 Th_i rifampicin 004 342 Final hepatocellular mean transit time 5.024394e+03 sec 1.874985e+03 Th_f rifampicin 004 343 Hepatocellular mean transit time 4.582048e+03 sec 0.000000e+00 Th rifampicin 004 344 Hepatocellular uptake rate 3.943226e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 khe rifampicin 004 345 Biliary tissue excretion rate 2.182430e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Kbh rifampicin 004 346 Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 1.999741e-03 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Khe rifampicin 004 347 Biliary excretion rate 1.752084e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh rifampicin 004 348 Initial biliary excretion rate 1.939302e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_i rifampicin 004 349 Final biliary excretion rate 1.597831e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_f rifampicin 004 350 Liver blood clearance 3.877281e-01 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 CL rifampicin 004 351 Aorta second signal scale factor 8.297935e+03 a.u. 1.473384e+01 S02a rifampicin 006 352 Liver second signal scale factor 6.029110e+03 a.u. 1.343533e+02 S02l rifampicin 006 353 Second bolus arrival time 9.497799e+03 sec 6.342951e-01 BAT2 rifampicin 006 354 First bolus arrival time 6.872739e+01 sec 5.869986e-01 BAT rifampicin 006 355 Cardiac output 1.294774e+02 mL/sec 1.788696e+00 CO rifampicin 006 356 Heart-lung mean transit time 1.779305e+01 sec 7.518465e-01 Thl rifampicin 006 357 Heart-lung dispersion 3.879657e-01 1.202068e-02 Dhl rifampicin 006 358 Organs blood mean transit time 2.666885e+01 sec 1.156744e+00 To rifampicin 006 359 Organs extraction fraction 1.298840e-01 5.512805e-03 Eo rifampicin 006 360 Organs extravascular mean transit time 3.612670e+02 sec 2.614222e+01 Toe rifampicin 006 361 Body extraction fraction 2.937206e-02 1.517044e-03 Eb rifampicin 006 362 Hematocrit 4.500000e-01 0.000000e+00 H rifampicin 006 363 Liver extracellular volume fraction 3.159780e-01 mL/cm3 1.135628e-02 ve rifampicin 006 364 Extracellular mean transit time 4.245526e+01 sec 2.192528e+00 Te rifampicin 006 365 Extracellular dispersion 6.620369e-01 2.458594e-02 De rifampicin 006 366 Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 2.318657e-04 mL/sec/cm3 4.365758e-05 khe_i rifampicin 006 367 Final hepatocellular uptake rate 3.922089e-04 mL/sec/cm3 6.876884e-05 khe_f rifampicin 006 368 Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 8.655008e+03 sec 1.018891e+04 Th_i rifampicin 006 369 Final hepatocellular mean transit time 5.110439e+03 sec 3.869557e+03 Th_f rifampicin 006 370 Hepatocellular mean transit time 6.882724e+03 sec 0.000000e+00 Th rifampicin 006 371 Hepatocellular uptake rate 3.120373e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 khe rifampicin 006 372 Biliary tissue excretion rate 1.452913e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Kbh rifampicin 006 373 Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 9.875286e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Khe rifampicin 006 374 Biliary excretion rate 9.938246e-05 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh rifampicin 006 375 Initial biliary excretion rate 7.903193e-05 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_i rifampicin 006 376 Final biliary excretion rate 1.338480e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_f rifampicin 006 377 Liver blood clearance 2.202240e-01 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 CL rifampicin 006 378 Aorta second signal scale factor 4.966318e+03 a.u. 1.410149e+01 S02a rifampicin 007 379 Liver second signal scale factor 4.987193e+03 a.u. 6.832279e+01 S02l rifampicin 007 380 Second bolus arrival time 8.062418e+03 sec 5.432761e-01 BAT2 rifampicin 007 381 First bolus arrival time 6.779011e+01 sec 5.663108e-01 BAT rifampicin 007 382 Cardiac output 1.581647e+02 mL/sec 3.247983e+00 CO rifampicin 007 383 Heart-lung mean transit time 1.147230e+01 sec 5.537796e-01 Thl rifampicin 007 384 Heart-lung dispersion 3.380472e-01 1.381629e-02 Dhl rifampicin 007 385 Organs blood mean transit time 1.366178e+01 sec 7.424798e-01 To rifampicin 007 386 Organs extraction fraction 1.775530e-01 7.176252e-03 Eo rifampicin 007 387 Organs extravascular mean transit time 2.438490e+02 sec 1.240756e+01 Toe rifampicin 007 388 Body extraction fraction 2.744654e-02 9.570833e-04 Eb rifampicin 007 389 Hematocrit 4.500000e-01 0.000000e+00 H rifampicin 007 390 Liver extracellular volume fraction 1.929039e-01 mL/cm3 1.151733e-02 ve rifampicin 007 391 Extracellular mean transit time 3.693215e+01 sec 3.537872e+00 Te rifampicin 007 392 Extracellular dispersion 7.867148e-01 3.398415e-02 De rifampicin 007 393 Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 3.763357e-04 mL/sec/cm3 2.043909e-04 khe_i rifampicin 007 394 Final hepatocellular uptake rate 2.220288e-04 mL/sec/cm3 2.639117e-05 khe_f rifampicin 007 395 Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 6.119388e+02 sec 2.211753e+03 Th_i rifampicin 007 396 Final hepatocellular mean transit time 1.814302e+04 sec 1.009028e+04 Th_f rifampicin 007 397 Hepatocellular mean transit time 9.377482e+03 sec 0.000000e+00 Th rifampicin 007 398 Hepatocellular uptake rate 2.991822e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 khe rifampicin 007 399 Biliary tissue excretion rate 1.066384e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Kbh rifampicin 007 400 Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 1.550939e-03 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Khe rifampicin 007 401 Biliary excretion rate 8.606747e-05 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh rifampicin 007 402 Initial biliary excretion rate 1.318916e-03 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_i rifampicin 007 403 Final biliary excretion rate 4.448520e-05 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_f rifampicin 007 404 Liver blood clearance 3.337533e-01 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 CL rifampicin 007 405 Aorta second signal scale factor 7.261136e+03 a.u. 1.756021e+01 S02a rifampicin 008 406 Liver second signal scale factor 5.946800e+03 a.u. 1.383397e+02 S02l rifampicin 008 407 Second bolus arrival time 8.208755e+03 sec 6.781530e-01 BAT2 rifampicin 008 408 First bolus arrival time 7.563634e+01 sec 5.452245e-01 BAT rifampicin 008 409 Cardiac output 2.229932e+02 mL/sec 6.681236e+00 CO rifampicin 008 410 Heart-lung mean transit time 1.170856e+01 sec 6.442031e-01 Thl rifampicin 008 411 Heart-lung dispersion 3.956185e-01 1.697594e-02 Dhl rifampicin 008 412 Organs blood mean transit time 1.613330e+01 sec 6.763089e-01 To rifampicin 008 413 Organs extraction fraction 7.523788e-02 3.851891e-03 Eo rifampicin 008 414 Organs extravascular mean transit time 4.569020e+02 sec 3.084953e+01 Toe rifampicin 008 415 Body extraction fraction 1.998808e-02 1.055082e-03 Eb rifampicin 008 416 Hematocrit 4.500000e-01 0.000000e+00 H rifampicin 008 417 Liver extracellular volume fraction 1.685794e-01 mL/cm3 8.952933e-03 ve rifampicin 008 418 Extracellular mean transit time 2.583045e+01 sec 2.770499e+00 Te rifampicin 008 419 Extracellular dispersion 5.955025e-01 6.103882e-02 De rifampicin 008 420 Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 2.138884e-04 mL/sec/cm3 2.550086e-05 khe_i rifampicin 008 421 Final hepatocellular uptake rate 4.974419e-04 mL/sec/cm3 6.604035e-05 khe_f rifampicin 008 422 Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 1.883072e+04 sec 2.399725e+04 Th_i rifampicin 008 423 Final hepatocellular mean transit time 4.053462e+03 sec 1.434305e+03 Th_f rifampicin 008 424 Hepatocellular mean transit time 1.144209e+04 sec 0.000000e+00 Th rifampicin 008 425 Hepatocellular uptake rate 3.556651e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 khe rifampicin 008 426 Biliary tissue excretion rate 8.739662e-05 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Kbh rifampicin 008 427 Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 2.109778e-03 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Khe rifampicin 008 428 Biliary excretion rate 7.266334e-05 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh rifampicin 008 429 Initial biliary excretion rate 4.415235e-05 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_i rifampicin 008 430 Final biliary excretion rate 2.051137e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_f rifampicin 008 431 Liver blood clearance 3.132215e-01 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 CL rifampicin 008 432 Aorta second signal scale factor 6.764434e+03 a.u. 1.812862e+01 S02a rifampicin 009 433 Liver second signal scale factor 4.973198e+03 a.u. 5.693039e+01 S02l rifampicin 009 434 Second bolus arrival time 9.224381e+03 sec 3.437463e-01 BAT2 rifampicin 009 435 First bolus arrival time 8.136402e+01 sec 3.241763e-01 BAT rifampicin 009 436 Cardiac output 2.389631e+02 mL/sec 4.484194e+00 CO rifampicin 009 437 Heart-lung mean transit time 1.176518e+01 sec 4.856868e-01 Thl rifampicin 009 438 Heart-lung dispersion 5.793095e-01 1.513146e-02 Dhl rifampicin 009 439 Organs blood mean transit time 3.467967e+01 sec 1.182707e+00 To rifampicin 009 440 Organs extraction fraction 8.263141e-02 4.281279e-03 Eo rifampicin 009 441 Organs extravascular mean transit time 4.702517e+02 sec 3.699662e+01 Toe rifampicin 009 442 Body extraction fraction 2.030867e-02 1.097908e-03 Eb rifampicin 009 443 Hematocrit 4.500000e-01 0.000000e+00 H rifampicin 009 444 Liver extracellular volume fraction 2.297554e-01 mL/cm3 1.038003e-02 ve rifampicin 009 445 Extracellular mean transit time 5.046238e+01 sec 4.011110e+00 Te rifampicin 009 446 Extracellular dispersion 6.828322e-01 3.815879e-02 De rifampicin 009 447 Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 1.250775e-04 mL/sec/cm3 3.897028e-05 khe_i rifampicin 009 448 Final hepatocellular uptake rate 2.315983e-04 mL/sec/cm3 5.697170e-05 khe_f rifampicin 009 449 Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 3.943210e+03 sec 3.189773e+03 Th_i rifampicin 009 450 Final hepatocellular mean transit time 2.164115e+03 sec 1.285793e+03 Th_f rifampicin 009 451 Hepatocellular mean transit time 3.053662e+03 sec 0.000000e+00 Th rifampicin 009 452 Hepatocellular uptake rate 1.783379e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 khe rifampicin 009 453 Biliary tissue excretion rate 3.274756e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Kbh rifampicin 009 454 Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 7.762076e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Khe rifampicin 009 455 Biliary excretion rate 2.522363e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh rifampicin 009 456 Initial biliary excretion rate 1.953344e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_i rifampicin 009 457 Final biliary excretion rate 3.559167e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_f rifampicin 009 458 Liver blood clearance 2.139726e-01 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 CL rifampicin 009 459 Aorta second signal scale factor 7.346269e+03 a.u. 2.871545e+01 S02a rifampicin 010 460 Liver second signal scale factor 5.011917e+03 a.u. 9.613608e+01 S02l rifampicin 010 461 Second bolus arrival time 7.709387e+03 sec 8.689578e-01 BAT2 rifampicin 010 462 First bolus arrival time 8.760919e+01 sec 6.652708e-01 BAT rifampicin 010 463 Cardiac output 1.395152e+02 mL/sec 2.309519e+00 CO rifampicin 010 464 Heart-lung mean transit time 1.097586e+01 sec 1.075317e+00 Thl rifampicin 010 465 Heart-lung dispersion 6.445011e-01 4.526962e-02 Dhl rifampicin 010 466 Organs blood mean transit time 4.095988e+01 sec 1.582259e+00 To rifampicin 010 467 Organs extraction fraction 1.331185e-01 5.051853e-03 Eo rifampicin 010 468 Organs extravascular mean transit time 5.329520e+02 sec 3.686034e+01 Toe rifampicin 010 469 Body extraction fraction 2.752541e-02 1.721519e-03 Eb rifampicin 010 470 Hematocrit 4.500000e-01 0.000000e+00 H rifampicin 010 471 Liver extracellular volume fraction 2.502912e-01 mL/cm3 1.172200e-02 ve rifampicin 010 472 Extracellular mean transit time 5.286042e+01 sec 4.319286e+00 Te rifampicin 010 473 Extracellular dispersion 7.368551e-01 3.313591e-02 De rifampicin 010 474 Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 1.289811e-04 mL/sec/cm3 4.133456e-05 khe_i rifampicin 010 475 Final hepatocellular uptake rate 2.559919e-04 mL/sec/cm3 1.006623e-04 khe_f rifampicin 010 476 Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 2.237286e+04 sec 1.292952e+05 Th_i rifampicin 010 477 Final hepatocellular mean transit time 3.522649e+04 sec 1.393505e+05 Th_f rifampicin 010 478 Hepatocellular mean transit time 2.879967e+04 sec 0.000000e+00 Th rifampicin 010 479 Hepatocellular uptake rate 1.924865e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 khe rifampicin 010 480 Biliary tissue excretion rate 3.472262e-05 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Kbh rifampicin 010 481 Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 7.690504e-04 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 Khe rifampicin 010 482 Biliary excretion rate 2.603185e-05 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh rifampicin 010 483 Initial biliary excretion rate 3.350975e-05 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_i rifampicin 010 484 Final biliary excretion rate 2.128253e-05 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 kbh_f rifampicin 010 485 Liver blood clearance 2.134810e-01 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 CL rifampicin 010 .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 166-171 Plot individual results ----------------------- Now lets visualise the main results from the study by plotting the drug effect for all volunteers, and for both biomarkers: uptake rate ``khe`` and excretion rate ``kbh``: .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 171-211 .. code-block:: Python # Set up the figure clr = ['tab:blue', 'tab:orange', 'tab:green', 'tab:red', 'tab:purple', 'tab:brown', 'tab:pink', 'tab:gray', 'tab:olive', 'tab:cyan'] fs = 10 fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(8,3)) fig.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.5) ax1.set_title('Hepatocellular uptake rate', fontsize=fs, pad=10) ax1.set_ylabel('khe (mL/min/100mL)', fontsize=fs) ax1.set_ylim(0, 60) ax1.tick_params(axis='x', labelsize=fs) ax1.tick_params(axis='y', labelsize=fs) ax2.set_title('Biliary excretion rate', fontsize=fs, pad=10) ax2.set_ylabel('kbh (mL/min/100mL)', fontsize=fs) ax2.set_ylim(0, 6) ax2.tick_params(axis='x', labelsize=fs) ax2.tick_params(axis='y', labelsize=fs) # Pivot data for both visits to wide format for easy access: v1 = pd.pivot_table(results[results.visit=='baseline'], values='value', columns='parameter', index='subject') v2 = pd.pivot_table(results[results.visit=='rifampicin'], values='value', columns='parameter', index='subject') # Plot the rate constants in units of mL/min/100mL for s in v1.index: x = ['baseline'] khe = [6000*v1.at[s,'khe']] kbh = [6000*v1.at[s,'kbh']] if s in v2.index: x += ['rifampicin'] khe += [6000*v2.at[s,'khe']] kbh += [6000*v2.at[s,'kbh']] color = clr[int(s)-1] ax1.plot(x, khe, '-', label=s, marker='o', markersize=6, color=color) ax2.plot(x, kbh, '-', label=s, marker='o', markersize=6, color=color) plt.show() # Choose the last image as a thumbnail for the gallery # sphinx_gallery_thumbnail_number = -1 .. image-sg:: /generated/examples/liver/images/sphx_glr_plot_tristan_volunteers_2scan_002.png :alt: Hepatocellular uptake rate, Biliary excretion rate :srcset: /generated/examples/liver/images/sphx_glr_plot_tristan_volunteers_2scan_002.png :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-timing **Total running time of the script:** (68 minutes 14.648 seconds) .. _sphx_glr_download_generated_examples_liver_plot_tristan_volunteers_2scan.py: .. only:: html .. container:: sphx-glr-footer sphx-glr-footer-example .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-jupyter :download:`Download Jupyter notebook: plot_tristan_volunteers_2scan.ipynb ` .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-python :download:`Download Python source code: plot_tristan_volunteers_2scan.py ` .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-zip :download:`Download zipped: plot_tristan_volunteers_2scan.zip ` .. only:: html .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-signature `Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery `_