.. DO NOT EDIT. .. THIS FILE WAS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY SPHINX-GALLERY. .. TO MAKE CHANGES, EDIT THE SOURCE PYTHON FILE: .. "examples\liver\plot_tristan_volunteers_2scan.py" .. LINE NUMBERS ARE GIVEN BELOW. .. only:: html .. note:: :class: sphx-glr-download-link-note :ref:`Go to the end ` to download the full example code. .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-example-title .. _sphx_glr_examples_liver_plot_tristan_volunteers_2scan.py: ========================================================== Clinical - rifampicin induced inhibition of liver function ========================================================== This example illustrates the use of `~dcmri.AortaLiver2scan` for joint fitting of aorta and liver signals measured over 2 separate scans. The use case is provided by the liver work package of the `TRISTAN project `_ which develops imaging biomarkers for drug safety assessment. The data and analysis was first presented at the ISMRM in 2024 (Min et al 2024, manuscript in press). The data were acquired in the aorta and liver of 10 healthy volunteers with dynamic gadoxetate-enhanced MRI, before and after administration of a drug (rifampicin) which is known to inhibit liver function. The assessments were done on two separate visits at least 2 weeks apart. On each visit, the volunteer had two scans each with a separate contrast agent injection of a quarter dose each. the scans were separated by a gap of about 1 hour to enable gadoxetate to clear from the liver. This design was deemed necessary for reliable measurement of excretion rate when liver function was inhibited. The research question was to what extent rifampicin inhibits gadoxetate uptake rate from the extracellular space into the liver hepatocytes (khe, mL/min/100mL) and excretion rate from hepatocytes to bile (kbh, mL/100mL/min). 2 of the volunteers only had the baseline assessment, the other 8 volunteers completed the full study. The results showed consistent and strong inhibition of khe (95%) and kbh (40%) by rifampicin. This implies that rifampicin poses a risk of drug-drug interactions (DDI), meaning it can cause another drug to circulate in the body for far longer than expected, potentially causing harm or raising a need for dose adjustment. **Note**: this example is different to the 1 scan example of the same study in that this uses both scans to fit the model. Reference --------- Thazin Min, Marta Tibiletti, Paul Hockings, Aleksandra Galetin, Ebony Gunwhy, Gerry Kenna, Nicola Melillo, Geoff JM Parker, Gunnar Schuetz, Daniel Scotcher, John Waterton, Ian Rowe, and Steven Sourbron. *Measurement of liver function with dynamic gadoxetate-enhanced MRI: a validation study in healthy volunteers*. Proc Intl Soc Mag Reson Med, Singapore 2024. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 48-50 Setup ----- .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 50-62 .. code-block:: Python # Import packages import pandas as pd import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import pydmr import dcmri as dc # Fetch the data from the TRISTAN rifampicin study: dmrfile = dc.fetch('tristan_humans_healthy_rifampicin') data = pydmr.read(dmrfile, 'nest') rois, pars = data['rois'], data['pars'] .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 63-67 Model definition ---------------- In order to avoid some repetition in this script, we define a function that returns a trained model for a single dataset with 2 scans: .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 67-114 .. code-block:: Python def tristan_human_2scan(roi, par, **kwargs): model = dc.AortaLiver2scan( # Injection parameters weight = par['weight'], agent = 'gadoxetate', dose = par['dose_1'], dose2 = par['dose_2'], rate = 1, # Acquisition parameters field_strength = 3, t0 = par['t0'], TR = par['TR'], FA = par['FA_1'], FA2 = par['FA_2'], TS = roi['time_1'][1]-roi['time_1'][0], # Signal parameters R10a = 1/par['T1_aorta_1'], R10l = 1/par['T1_liver_1'], R102a = 1/par['T1_aorta_3'], R102l = 1/par['T1_liver_3'], # Tissue parameters vol = par['liver_volume'], ) xdata = ( roi['time_1'][roi['aorta_1_accept']] - roi['time_1'][0], roi['time_2'][roi['aorta_2_accept']] - roi['time_1'][0], roi['time_1'][roi['liver_1_accept']] - roi['time_1'][0], roi['time_2'][roi['liver_2_accept']] - roi['time_1'][0], ) ydata = ( roi['aorta_1'][roi['aorta_1_accept']], roi['aorta_2'][roi['aorta_2_accept']], roi['liver_1'][roi['liver_1_accept']], roi['liver_2'][roi['liver_2_accept']], ) model.train(xdata, ydata, **kwargs) return xdata, ydata, model .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 115-118 Before running the full analysis on all cases, lets illustrate the results by fitting the baseline visit for the first subject. We use maximum verbosity to get some feedback about the iterations: .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 118-126 .. code-block:: Python xdata, ydata, model = tristan_human_2scan( rois['001']['control'], pars['001']['control'], xtol=1e-3, verbose=2, ) .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out .. code-block:: none Iteration Total nfev Cost Cost reduction Step norm Optimality 0 1 5.3415e+07 3.38e+09 1 2 9.9859e+06 4.34e+07 8.67e+02 1.81e+09 2 3 3.2916e+06 6.69e+06 1.07e+02 1.78e+09 3 4 1.6009e+06 1.69e+06 5.18e+02 1.21e+09 4 5 6.6515e+05 9.36e+05 1.61e+02 8.78e+08 5 6 3.0099e+05 3.64e+05 2.76e+02 5.83e+08 6 7 1.9439e+05 1.07e+05 1.87e+02 2.56e+08 7 8 1.7496e+05 1.94e+04 3.49e+01 9.09e+07 8 9 1.7421e+05 7.50e+02 2.32e+01 7.86e+06 9 10 1.7163e+05 2.57e+03 9.84e+00 1.00e+07 `xtol` termination condition is satisfied. Function evaluations 10, initial cost 5.3415e+07, final cost 1.7163e+05, first-order optimality 1.00e+07. Iteration Total nfev Cost Cost reduction Step norm Optimality 0 1 3.3611e+07 7.15e+08 1 2 1.8747e+06 3.17e+07 4.50e+03 4.21e+08 2 3 3.0743e+05 1.57e+06 1.73e+03 1.03e+08 3 4 1.6184e+05 1.46e+05 1.12e+03 2.34e+07 4 5 1.4500e+05 1.68e+04 1.32e+03 2.52e+07 5 6 1.3137e+05 1.36e+04 8.44e+02 8.46e+06 6 7 1.2801e+05 3.37e+03 8.92e+02 8.63e+06 7 8 1.2564e+05 2.37e+03 5.61e+02 2.89e+06 8 9 1.2496e+05 6.81e+02 4.56e+02 1.78e+06 9 10 1.2473e+05 2.31e+02 2.59e+02 5.23e+05 10 11 1.2468e+05 5.33e+01 1.41e+02 1.46e+05 11 12 1.2466e+05 1.18e+01 6.78e+01 3.10e+04 12 13 1.2466e+05 2.59e+00 3.18e+01 5.80e+03 13 14 1.2466e+05 6.00e-01 1.50e+01 1.07e+03 14 15 1.2466e+05 1.32e-01 7.11e+00 1.58e+02 `xtol` termination condition is satisfied. Function evaluations 15, initial cost 3.3611e+07, final cost 1.2466e+05, first-order optimality 1.58e+02. Iteration Total nfev Cost Cost reduction Step norm Optimality 0 1 2.9629e+05 4.56e+06 1 5 2.9591e+05 3.82e+02 9.70e+00 8.98e+06 `xtol` termination condition is satisfied. Function evaluations 5, initial cost 2.9629e+05, final cost 2.9591e+05, first-order optimality 8.98e+06. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 127-129 Plot the results to check that the model has fitted the data. The plot also shows the concentration in the two liver compartments separately: .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 129-132 .. code-block:: Python model.plot(xdata, ydata) .. image-sg:: /examples/liver/images/sphx_glr_plot_tristan_volunteers_2scan_001.png :alt: plot tristan volunteers 2scan :srcset: /examples/liver/images/sphx_glr_plot_tristan_volunteers_2scan_001.png :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 133-136 Print the measured model parameters and any derived parameters. Standard deviations are included as a measure of parameter uncertainty, indicate that all parameters are identified robustly: .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 136-139 .. code-block:: Python model.print_params(round_to=3) .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out .. code-block:: none -------------------------------- Free parameters with their stdev -------------------------------- Aorta second signal scale factor (S02a): 9790.934 (18.233) a.u. Liver second signal scale factor (S02l): 7650.161 (65.958) a.u. Second bolus arrival time (BAT2): 8601.994 (0.391) sec First bolus arrival time (BAT): 71.593 (0.408) sec Cardiac output (CO): 216.167 (3.751) mL/sec Heart-lung mean transit time (Thl): 26.336 (0.702) sec Heart-lung dispersion (Dhl): 0.653 (0.011) Organs blood mean transit time (To): 23.11 (0.625) sec Organs extraction fraction (Eo): 0.141 (0.003) Organs extravascular mean transit time (Toe): 453.462 (13.281) sec Body extraction fraction (Eb): 0.062 (0.002) Liver extracellular volume fraction (ve): 0.298 (0.008) mL/cm3 Extracellular mean transit time (Te): 39.7 (1.408) sec Extracellular dispersion (De): 0.722 (0.02) Initial hepatocellular uptake rate (khe_i): 0.006 (0.0) mL/sec/cm3 Final hepatocellular uptake rate (khe_f): 0.001 (0.0) mL/sec/cm3 Initial hepatocellular mean transit time (Th_i): 1155.441 (57.0) sec Final hepatocellular mean transit time (Th_f): 8478.617 (255.599) sec ---------------------------- Fixed and derived parameters ---------------------------- Hematocrit (H): 0.45 Hepatocellular mean transit time (Th): 4817.029 sec Hepatocellular uptake rate (khe): 0.004 mL/sec/cm3 Biliary tissue excretion rate (Kbh): 0.0 mL/sec/cm3 Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate (Khe): 0.013 mL/sec/cm3 Biliary excretion rate (kbh): 0.0 mL/sec/cm3 Initial biliary excretion rate (kbh_i): 0.001 mL/sec/cm3 Final biliary excretion rate (kbh_f): 0.0 mL/sec/cm3 Liver blood clearance (CL): 4.244 mL/sec .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 140-146 Fit all data ------------ Now that we have illustrated an individual result in some detail, we proceed with fitting the data for all 10 volunteers, at baseline and rifampicin visit. We do not print output for these individual computations and instead store results in one single dataframe: .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 146-177 .. code-block:: Python results = [] # Loop over all datasets for subj in rois.keys(): for visit in rois[subj].keys(): roi = rois[subj][visit] par = pars[subj][visit] # Generate a trained model for the scan: _, _, model = tristan_human_2scan(roi, par, xtol=1e-3) # Export fitted parameters as lists rows = model.export_params(type='list') # Add visit and subject info rows = [row + [visit, subj] for row in rows] # Add to the list of all results results += rows # Combine all results into a single dataframe. cols = ['parameter', 'name', 'value', 'unit', 'stdev', 'visit', 'subject'] results = pd.DataFrame(results, columns=cols) # Print all results print(results.to_string()) .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out .. code-block:: none parameter name value unit stdev visit subject 0 S02a Aorta second signal scale factor 9790.934419 a.u. 1.823324e+01 control 001 1 S02l Liver second signal scale factor 7650.160914 a.u. 6.595781e+01 control 001 2 BAT2 Second bolus arrival time 8601.993881 sec 3.906963e-01 control 001 3 BAT First bolus arrival time 71.592718 sec 4.079589e-01 control 001 4 CO Cardiac output 216.167347 mL/sec 3.750884e+00 control 001 5 Thl Heart-lung mean transit time 26.335814 sec 7.019960e-01 control 001 6 Dhl Heart-lung dispersion 0.653321 1.089965e-02 control 001 7 To Organs blood mean transit time 23.109502 sec 6.246586e-01 control 001 8 Eo Organs extraction fraction 0.140860 2.659502e-03 control 001 9 Toe Organs extravascular mean transit time 453.461876 sec 1.328061e+01 control 001 10 Eb Body extraction fraction 0.062193 1.788962e-03 control 001 11 H Hematocrit 0.450000 0.000000e+00 control 001 12 ve Liver extracellular volume fraction 0.298000 mL/cm3 7.691598e-03 control 001 13 Te Extracellular mean transit time 39.700026 sec 1.407854e+00 control 001 14 De Extracellular dispersion 0.721896 1.979420e-02 control 001 15 khe_i Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 0.006318 mL/sec/cm3 6.579695e-05 control 001 16 khe_f Final hepatocellular uptake rate 0.001354 mL/sec/cm3 3.271103e-05 control 001 17 Th_i Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 1155.440624 sec 5.699956e+01 control 001 18 Th_f Final hepatocellular mean transit time 8478.616541 sec 2.555989e+02 control 001 19 Th Hepatocellular mean transit time 4817.028582 sec 0.000000e+00 control 001 20 khe Hepatocellular uptake rate 0.003836 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 001 21 Kbh Biliary tissue excretion rate 0.000208 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 001 22 Khe Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 0.012873 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 001 23 kbh Biliary excretion rate 0.000146 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 001 24 kbh_i Initial biliary excretion rate 0.000608 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 001 25 kbh_f Final biliary excretion rate 0.000083 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 001 26 CL Liver blood clearance 4.243751 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 control 001 27 S02a Aorta second signal scale factor 10671.336173 a.u. 2.434266e+01 control 002 28 S02l Liver second signal scale factor 7790.669099 a.u. 1.951871e+01 control 002 29 BAT2 Second bolus arrival time 17165.045516 sec 2.548165e-01 control 002 30 BAT First bolus arrival time 81.041756 sec 2.623909e-01 control 002 31 CO Cardiac output 60.115880 mL/sec 1.508466e+00 control 002 32 Thl Heart-lung mean transit time 14.640800 sec 5.677166e-01 control 002 33 Dhl Heart-lung dispersion 0.642081 1.184908e-02 control 002 34 To Organs blood mean transit time 32.917918 sec 1.795293e+00 control 002 35 Eo Organs extraction fraction 0.195323 7.293563e-03 control 002 36 Toe Organs extravascular mean transit time 480.230658 sec 3.688903e+01 control 002 37 Eb Body extraction fraction 0.069362 4.324001e-03 control 002 38 H Hematocrit 0.450000 0.000000e+00 control 002 39 ve Liver extracellular volume fraction 0.010025 mL/cm3 1.692230e-02 control 002 40 Te Extracellular mean transit time 3.302522 sec 3.623786e+00 control 002 41 De Extracellular dispersion 0.030623 9.581622e+00 control 002 42 khe_i Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 0.004325 mL/sec/cm3 9.072047e-05 control 002 43 khe_f Final hepatocellular uptake rate 0.010522 mL/sec/cm3 1.949406e-04 control 002 44 Th_i Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 2918.413141 sec 1.764314e+02 control 002 45 Th_f Final hepatocellular mean transit time 1822.554367 sec 7.348929e+01 control 002 46 Th Hepatocellular mean transit time 2370.483754 sec 0.000000e+00 control 002 47 khe Hepatocellular uptake rate 0.007423 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 002 48 Kbh Biliary tissue excretion rate 0.000422 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 002 49 Khe Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 0.740469 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 002 50 kbh Biliary excretion rate 0.000418 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 002 51 kbh_i Initial biliary excretion rate 0.000339 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 002 52 kbh_f Final biliary excretion rate 0.000543 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 002 53 CL Liver blood clearance 5.075129 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 control 002 54 S02a Aorta second signal scale factor 10242.854730 a.u. 1.524076e+01 drug 002 55 S02l Liver second signal scale factor 8507.372437 a.u. 1.478798e+02 drug 002 56 BAT2 Second bolus arrival time 10285.972988 sec 2.240934e-01 drug 002 57 BAT First bolus arrival time 79.517132 sec 2.136695e-01 drug 002 58 CO Cardiac output 95.899717 mL/sec 2.038414e+00 drug 002 59 Thl Heart-lung mean transit time 8.236782 sec 3.239664e-01 drug 002 60 Dhl Heart-lung dispersion 0.686726 1.866349e-02 drug 002 61 To Organs blood mean transit time 25.395756 sec 1.116554e+00 drug 002 62 Eo Organs extraction fraction 0.140573 6.575912e-03 drug 002 63 Toe Organs extravascular mean transit time 298.952633 sec 2.181414e+01 drug 002 64 Eb Body extraction fraction 0.053063 2.143465e-03 drug 002 65 H Hematocrit 0.450000 0.000000e+00 drug 002 66 ve Liver extracellular volume fraction 0.184750 mL/cm3 8.777018e-03 drug 002 67 Te Extracellular mean transit time 36.196451 sec 3.203711e+00 drug 002 68 De Extracellular dispersion 0.721727 4.119809e-02 drug 002 69 khe_i Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000420 mL/sec/cm3 2.105265e-05 drug 002 70 khe_f Final hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000572 mL/sec/cm3 8.102396e-05 drug 002 71 Th_i Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 35999.999364 sec 4.276818e+04 drug 002 72 Th_f Final hepatocellular mean transit time 1813.808240 sec 8.237296e+02 drug 002 73 Th Hepatocellular mean transit time 18906.903802 sec 0.000000e+00 drug 002 74 khe Hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000496 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 002 75 Kbh Biliary tissue excretion rate 0.000053 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 002 76 Khe Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 0.002685 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 002 77 kbh Biliary excretion rate 0.000043 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 002 78 kbh_i Initial biliary excretion rate 0.000023 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 002 79 kbh_f Final biliary excretion rate 0.000449 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 002 80 CL Liver blood clearance 0.398093 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 drug 002 81 S02a Aorta second signal scale factor 11060.089573 a.u. 1.452751e+01 control 003 82 S02l Liver second signal scale factor 8740.671100 a.u. 1.585448e+01 control 003 83 BAT2 Second bolus arrival time 11.585872 sec 1.925190e-10 control 003 84 BAT First bolus arrival time 72.793087 sec 2.810475e-01 control 003 85 CO Cardiac output 122.744855 mL/sec 2.526674e+00 control 003 86 Thl Heart-lung mean transit time 10.604073 sec 3.862853e-01 control 003 87 Dhl Heart-lung dispersion 0.347172 1.185073e-02 control 003 88 To Organs blood mean transit time 17.458970 sec 1.331625e+00 control 003 89 Eo Organs extraction fraction 0.175522 1.696888e-02 control 003 90 Toe Organs extravascular mean transit time 138.850693 sec 1.571693e+01 control 003 91 Eb Body extraction fraction 0.070321 2.365494e-03 control 003 92 H Hematocrit 0.450000 0.000000e+00 control 003 93 ve Liver extracellular volume fraction 0.366245 mL/cm3 1.016336e-01 control 003 94 Te Extracellular mean transit time 59.999592 sec 1.955640e+01 control 003 95 De Extracellular dispersion 0.883987 5.238300e-02 control 003 96 khe_i Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 0.007250 mL/sec/cm3 2.953519e-04 control 003 97 khe_f Final hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000755 mL/sec/cm3 9.379836e-03 control 003 98 Th_i Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 3071.404090 sec 4.493190e+02 control 003 99 Th_f Final hepatocellular mean transit time 600.001201 sec 6.035895e+02 control 003 100 Th Hepatocellular mean transit time 1835.702646 sec 0.000000e+00 control 003 101 khe Hepatocellular uptake rate 0.004003 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 003 102 Kbh Biliary tissue excretion rate 0.000545 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 003 103 Khe Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 0.010929 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 003 104 kbh Biliary excretion rate 0.000345 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 003 105 kbh_i Initial biliary excretion rate 0.000206 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 003 106 kbh_f Final biliary excretion rate 0.001056 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 003 107 CL Liver blood clearance 3.498530 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 control 003 108 S02a Aorta second signal scale factor 12800.798139 a.u. 1.733993e+01 drug 003 109 S02l Liver second signal scale factor 9275.908606 a.u. 4.300342e+01 drug 003 110 BAT2 Second bolus arrival time 7309.034035 sec 8.918973e-01 drug 003 111 BAT First bolus arrival time 66.820493 sec 8.661482e-01 drug 003 112 CO Cardiac output 101.704834 mL/sec 2.643412e+00 drug 003 113 Thl Heart-lung mean transit time 13.178063 sec 1.057709e+00 drug 003 114 Dhl Heart-lung dispersion 0.483333 2.481106e-02 drug 003 115 To Organs blood mean transit time 26.818815 sec 8.902457e-01 drug 003 116 Eo Organs extraction fraction 0.108082 5.288332e-03 drug 003 117 Toe Organs extravascular mean transit time 382.395589 sec 2.523390e+01 drug 003 118 Eb Body extraction fraction 0.033981 1.499285e-03 drug 003 119 H Hematocrit 0.450000 0.000000e+00 drug 003 120 ve Liver extracellular volume fraction 0.201188 mL/cm3 9.107253e-03 drug 003 121 Te Extracellular mean transit time 28.283414 sec 2.076741e+00 drug 003 122 De Extracellular dispersion 0.651324 3.893911e-02 drug 003 123 khe_i Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000535 mL/sec/cm3 3.986718e-05 drug 003 124 khe_f Final hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000719 mL/sec/cm3 8.642389e-05 drug 003 125 Th_i Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 3911.162553 sec 9.292226e+02 drug 003 126 Th_f Final hepatocellular mean transit time 3329.206656 sec 7.369997e+02 drug 003 127 Th Hepatocellular mean transit time 3620.184605 sec 0.000000e+00 drug 003 128 khe Hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000627 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 003 129 Kbh Biliary tissue excretion rate 0.000276 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 003 130 Khe Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 0.003116 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 003 131 kbh Biliary excretion rate 0.000221 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 003 132 kbh_i Initial biliary excretion rate 0.000204 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 003 133 kbh_f Final biliary excretion rate 0.000240 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 003 134 CL Liver blood clearance 0.540308 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 drug 003 135 S02a Aorta second signal scale factor 6219.149887 a.u. 1.931371e+01 control 004 136 S02l Liver second signal scale factor 5710.574590 a.u. 8.534483e+01 control 004 137 BAT2 Second bolus arrival time 9540.019772 sec 9.818194e-02 control 004 138 BAT First bolus arrival time 65.069593 sec 9.492482e-02 control 004 139 CO Cardiac output 68.911685 mL/sec 6.581894e-01 control 004 140 Thl Heart-lung mean transit time 18.755945 sec 1.378055e-01 control 004 141 Dhl Heart-lung dispersion 0.311481 3.259450e-03 control 004 142 To Organs blood mean transit time 26.328184 sec 7.976896e-01 control 004 143 Eo Organs extraction fraction 0.308982 5.800547e-03 control 004 144 Toe Organs extravascular mean transit time 336.223017 sec 1.364775e+01 control 004 145 Eb Body extraction fraction 0.149090 3.849349e-03 control 004 146 H Hematocrit 0.450000 0.000000e+00 control 004 147 ve Liver extracellular volume fraction 0.058004 mL/cm3 1.119300e-02 control 004 148 Te Extracellular mean transit time 25.544342 sec 4.137143e+00 control 004 149 De Extracellular dispersion 0.564506 8.497573e-02 control 004 150 khe_i Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 0.003271 mL/sec/cm3 4.185160e-05 control 004 151 khe_f Final hepatocellular uptake rate 0.004691 mL/sec/cm3 9.984423e-05 control 004 152 Th_i Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 8464.522325 sec 8.035784e+02 control 004 153 Th_f Final hepatocellular mean transit time 13068.511125 sec 1.708535e+03 control 004 154 Th Hepatocellular mean transit time 10766.516725 sec 0.000000e+00 control 004 155 khe Hepatocellular uptake rate 0.003981 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 004 156 Kbh Biliary tissue excretion rate 0.000093 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 004 157 Khe Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 0.068634 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 004 158 kbh Biliary excretion rate 0.000087 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 004 159 kbh_i Initial biliary excretion rate 0.000111 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 004 160 kbh_f Final biliary excretion rate 0.000072 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 004 161 CL Liver blood clearance 3.527408 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 control 004 162 S02a Aorta second signal scale factor 7026.727859 a.u. 1.567943e+01 drug 004 163 S02l Liver second signal scale factor 6217.504058 a.u. 8.205473e+01 drug 004 164 BAT2 Second bolus arrival time 9206.710196 sec 3.893817e-01 drug 004 165 BAT First bolus arrival time 61.133823 sec 4.017895e-01 drug 004 166 CO Cardiac output 100.020489 mL/sec 8.732162e-01 drug 004 167 Thl Heart-lung mean transit time 21.095380 sec 4.275415e-01 drug 004 168 Dhl Heart-lung dispersion 0.330783 6.674247e-03 drug 004 169 To Organs blood mean transit time 36.580942 sec 1.171773e+00 drug 004 170 Eo Organs extraction fraction 0.221921 6.172299e-03 drug 004 171 Toe Organs extravascular mean transit time 336.749526 sec 1.709564e+01 drug 004 172 Eb Body extraction fraction 0.051085 1.696052e-03 drug 004 173 H Hematocrit 0.450000 0.000000e+00 drug 004 174 ve Liver extracellular volume fraction 0.195565 mL/cm3 7.730865e-03 drug 004 175 Te Extracellular mean transit time 52.598786 sec 3.165851e+00 drug 004 176 De Extracellular dispersion 0.804033 2.075377e-02 drug 004 177 khe_i Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000290 mL/sec/cm3 3.498378e-05 drug 004 178 khe_f Final hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000472 mL/sec/cm3 4.050197e-05 drug 004 179 Th_i Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 4489.309093 sec 2.149318e+03 drug 004 180 Th_f Final hepatocellular mean transit time 4974.723906 sec 1.737329e+03 drug 004 181 Th Hepatocellular mean transit time 4732.016500 sec 0.000000e+00 drug 004 182 khe Hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000381 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 004 183 Kbh Biliary tissue excretion rate 0.000211 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 004 184 Khe Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 0.001948 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 004 185 kbh Biliary excretion rate 0.000170 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 004 186 kbh_i Initial biliary excretion rate 0.000179 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 004 187 kbh_f Final biliary excretion rate 0.000162 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 004 188 CL Liver blood clearance 0.374622 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 drug 004 189 S02a Aorta second signal scale factor 7722.011983 a.u. 1.594685e+01 control 005 190 S02l Liver second signal scale factor 9106.659223 a.u. 2.545156e+01 control 005 191 BAT2 Second bolus arrival time 10030.933973 sec 2.426730e-01 control 005 192 BAT First bolus arrival time 77.094470 sec 2.390070e-01 control 005 193 CO Cardiac output 110.256295 mL/sec 1.762775e+00 control 005 194 Thl Heart-lung mean transit time 10.351666 sec 3.318049e-01 control 005 195 Dhl Heart-lung dispersion 0.560296 1.363821e-02 control 005 196 To Organs blood mean transit time 22.440342 sec 7.844999e-01 control 005 197 Eo Organs extraction fraction 0.174995 5.168874e-03 control 005 198 Toe Organs extravascular mean transit time 276.533384 sec 1.070957e+01 control 005 199 Eb Body extraction fraction 0.066208 1.867639e-03 control 005 200 H Hematocrit 0.450000 0.000000e+00 control 005 201 ve Liver extracellular volume fraction 0.181840 mL/cm3 1.865470e-02 control 005 202 Te Extracellular mean transit time 39.047365 sec 4.803580e+00 control 005 203 De Extracellular dispersion 0.795296 3.563663e-02 control 005 204 khe_i Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 0.005808 mL/sec/cm3 7.198479e-05 control 005 205 khe_f Final hepatocellular uptake rate 0.004030 mL/sec/cm3 6.744164e-05 control 005 206 Th_i Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 1926.154799 sec 4.593931e+01 control 005 207 Th_f Final hepatocellular mean transit time 2131.976052 sec 7.820918e+01 control 005 208 Th Hepatocellular mean transit time 2029.065426 sec 0.000000e+00 control 005 209 khe Hepatocellular uptake rate 0.004919 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 005 210 Kbh Biliary tissue excretion rate 0.000493 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 005 211 Khe Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 0.027053 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 005 212 kbh Biliary excretion rate 0.000403 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 005 213 kbh_i Initial biliary excretion rate 0.000425 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 005 214 kbh_f Final biliary excretion rate 0.000384 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 005 215 CL Liver blood clearance 3.469732 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 control 005 216 S02a Aorta second signal scale factor 6295.830888 a.u. 1.704941e+01 control 006 217 S02l Liver second signal scale factor 6545.682550 a.u. 4.726661e+01 control 006 218 BAT2 Second bolus arrival time 8584.261320 sec 1.115094e-01 control 006 219 BAT First bolus arrival time 69.741668 sec 1.290837e-01 control 006 220 CO Cardiac output 73.751910 mL/sec 8.431445e-01 control 006 221 Thl Heart-lung mean transit time 16.643284 sec 1.473588e-01 control 006 222 Dhl Heart-lung dispersion 0.334284 5.757799e-03 control 006 223 To Organs blood mean transit time 30.412667 sec 1.114161e+00 control 006 224 Eo Organs extraction fraction 0.207680 6.710160e-03 control 006 225 Toe Organs extravascular mean transit time 364.223946 sec 1.886125e+01 control 006 226 Eb Body extraction fraction 0.085050 2.757826e-03 control 006 227 H Hematocrit 0.450000 0.000000e+00 control 006 228 ve Liver extracellular volume fraction 0.192713 mL/cm3 3.482855e-02 control 006 229 Te Extracellular mean transit time 45.262078 sec 7.805308e+00 control 006 230 De Extracellular dispersion 0.712105 5.677684e-02 control 006 231 khe_i Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 0.006770 mL/sec/cm3 1.027779e-04 control 006 232 khe_f Final hepatocellular uptake rate 0.005570 mL/sec/cm3 1.068684e-04 control 006 233 Th_i Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 2753.659869 sec 1.017744e+02 control 006 234 Th_f Final hepatocellular mean transit time 2419.494138 sec 1.146600e+02 control 006 235 Th Hepatocellular mean transit time 2586.577004 sec 0.000000e+00 control 006 236 khe Hepatocellular uptake rate 0.006170 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 006 237 Kbh Biliary tissue excretion rate 0.000387 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 006 238 Khe Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 0.032015 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 006 239 kbh Biliary excretion rate 0.000312 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 006 240 kbh_i Initial biliary excretion rate 0.000293 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 006 241 kbh_f Final biliary excretion rate 0.000334 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 006 242 CL Liver blood clearance 4.264152 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 control 006 243 S02a Aorta second signal scale factor 8295.700603 a.u. 1.230345e+01 drug 006 244 S02l Liver second signal scale factor 6021.891658 a.u. 1.063486e+02 drug 006 245 BAT2 Second bolus arrival time 9499.177432 sec 2.761099e-01 drug 006 246 BAT First bolus arrival time 70.190975 sec 2.757276e-01 drug 006 247 CO Cardiac output 134.099358 mL/sec 1.504694e+00 drug 006 248 Thl Heart-lung mean transit time 15.983929 sec 2.990061e-01 drug 006 249 Dhl Heart-lung dispersion 0.400261 9.604272e-03 drug 006 250 To Organs blood mean transit time 27.737030 sec 8.473802e-01 drug 006 251 Eo Organs extraction fraction 0.120766 3.937925e-03 drug 006 252 Toe Organs extravascular mean transit time 396.328044 sec 2.385095e+01 drug 006 253 Eb Body extraction fraction 0.026863 1.304140e-03 drug 006 254 H Hematocrit 0.450000 0.000000e+00 drug 006 255 ve Liver extracellular volume fraction 0.317006 mL/cm3 9.372450e-03 drug 006 256 Te Extracellular mean transit time 42.251496 sec 1.802612e+00 drug 006 257 De Extracellular dispersion 0.659987 2.061727e-02 drug 006 258 khe_i Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000233 mL/sec/cm3 3.673165e-05 drug 006 259 khe_f Final hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000403 mL/sec/cm3 5.727707e-05 drug 006 260 Th_i Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 7719.835351 sec 6.914926e+03 drug 006 261 Th_f Final hepatocellular mean transit time 4869.002997 sec 2.877688e+03 drug 006 262 Th Hepatocellular mean transit time 6294.419174 sec 0.000000e+00 drug 006 263 khe Hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000318 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 006 264 Kbh Biliary tissue excretion rate 0.000159 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 006 265 Khe Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 0.001003 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 006 266 kbh Biliary excretion rate 0.000109 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 006 267 kbh_i Initial biliary excretion rate 0.000088 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 006 268 kbh_f Final biliary excretion rate 0.000140 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 006 269 CL Liver blood clearance 0.224457 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 drug 006 270 S02a Aorta second signal scale factor 6497.575709 a.u. 1.853389e+01 control 007 271 S02l Liver second signal scale factor 7461.439286 a.u. 5.112693e+01 control 007 272 BAT2 Second bolus arrival time 7269.856681 sec 3.810147e-01 control 007 273 BAT First bolus arrival time 67.671663 sec 3.856380e-01 control 007 274 CO Cardiac output 156.547433 mL/sec 2.556568e+00 control 007 275 Thl Heart-lung mean transit time 12.141419 sec 4.218885e-01 control 007 276 Dhl Heart-lung dispersion 0.326002 1.086707e-02 control 007 277 To Organs blood mean transit time 19.123169 sec 9.251488e-01 control 007 278 Eo Organs extraction fraction 0.198161 7.074518e-03 control 007 279 Toe Organs extravascular mean transit time 273.992812 sec 1.018059e+01 control 007 280 Eb Body extraction fraction 0.032021 1.062373e-03 control 007 281 H Hematocrit 0.450000 0.000000e+00 control 007 282 ve Liver extracellular volume fraction 0.211756 mL/cm3 9.526870e-02 control 007 283 Te Extracellular mean transit time 57.968115 sec 2.771260e+01 control 007 284 De Extracellular dispersion 0.951109 3.549710e-02 control 007 285 khe_i Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 0.005969 mL/sec/cm3 1.569296e-04 control 007 286 khe_f Final hepatocellular uptake rate 0.004998 mL/sec/cm3 1.822207e-04 control 007 287 Th_i Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 1431.849591 sec 4.064952e+01 control 007 288 Th_f Final hepatocellular mean transit time 2137.138147 sec 7.723734e+01 control 007 289 Th Hepatocellular mean transit time 1784.493869 sec 0.000000e+00 control 007 290 khe Hepatocellular uptake rate 0.005483 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 007 291 Kbh Biliary tissue excretion rate 0.000560 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 007 292 Khe Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 0.025894 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 007 293 kbh Biliary excretion rate 0.000442 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 007 294 kbh_i Initial biliary excretion rate 0.000551 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 007 295 kbh_f Final biliary excretion rate 0.000369 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 007 296 CL Liver blood clearance 5.176949 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 control 007 297 S02a Aorta second signal scale factor 4954.439511 a.u. 1.211956e+01 drug 007 298 S02l Liver second signal scale factor 4990.203998 a.u. 5.676518e+01 drug 007 299 BAT2 Second bolus arrival time 8061.452858 sec 1.570378e-01 drug 007 300 BAT First bolus arrival time 65.969042 sec 1.325721e-01 drug 007 301 CO Cardiac output 140.233990 mL/sec 2.109303e+00 drug 007 302 Thl Heart-lung mean transit time 12.949065 sec 1.812152e-01 drug 007 303 Dhl Heart-lung dispersion 0.365361 8.409829e-03 drug 007 304 To Organs blood mean transit time 15.418435 sec 6.615729e-01 drug 007 305 Eo Organs extraction fraction 0.193954 6.130415e-03 drug 007 306 Toe Organs extravascular mean transit time 244.676442 sec 1.077572e+01 drug 007 307 Eb Body extraction fraction 0.030674 8.578046e-04 drug 007 308 H Hematocrit 0.450000 0.000000e+00 drug 007 309 ve Liver extracellular volume fraction 0.189473 mL/cm3 9.812447e-03 drug 007 310 Te Extracellular mean transit time 38.902768 sec 3.117168e+00 drug 007 311 De Extracellular dispersion 0.771301 3.075811e-02 drug 007 312 khe_i Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000383 mL/sec/cm3 1.726750e-04 drug 007 313 khe_f Final hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000222 mL/sec/cm3 2.268977e-05 drug 007 314 Th_i Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 603.937831 sec 1.725449e+03 drug 007 315 Th_f Final hepatocellular mean transit time 17295.372131 sec 7.754504e+03 drug 007 316 Th Hepatocellular mean transit time 8949.654981 sec 0.000000e+00 drug 007 317 khe Hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000303 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 007 318 Kbh Biliary tissue excretion rate 0.000112 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 007 319 Khe Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 0.001598 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 007 320 kbh Biliary excretion rate 0.000091 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 007 321 kbh_i Initial biliary excretion rate 0.001342 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 007 322 kbh_f Final biliary excretion rate 0.000047 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 007 323 CL Liver blood clearance 0.337666 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 drug 007 324 S02a Aorta second signal scale factor 9768.903912 a.u. 1.612522e+01 control 008 325 S02l Liver second signal scale factor 7668.743833 a.u. 2.784512e+01 control 008 326 BAT2 Second bolus arrival time 7592.225028 sec 3.990310e-01 control 008 327 BAT First bolus arrival time 74.610732 sec 4.224254e-01 control 008 328 CO Cardiac output 178.955348 mL/sec 2.561237e+00 control 008 329 Thl Heart-lung mean transit time 16.264252 sec 5.240403e-01 control 008 330 Dhl Heart-lung dispersion 0.424062 9.220781e-03 control 008 331 To Organs blood mean transit time 22.623824 sec 8.044012e-01 control 008 332 Eo Organs extraction fraction 0.155219 5.596021e-03 control 008 333 Toe Organs extravascular mean transit time 277.940927 sec 1.226200e+01 control 008 334 Eb Body extraction fraction 0.047646 1.222307e-03 control 008 335 H Hematocrit 0.450000 0.000000e+00 control 008 336 ve Liver extracellular volume fraction 0.136661 mL/cm3 1.057739e-02 control 008 337 Te Extracellular mean transit time 18.811915 sec 1.935913e+00 control 008 338 De Extracellular dispersion 0.473502 7.197238e-02 control 008 339 khe_i Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 0.006597 mL/sec/cm3 8.077788e-05 control 008 340 khe_f Final hepatocellular uptake rate 0.004080 mL/sec/cm3 6.971263e-05 control 008 341 Th_i Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 1379.248473 sec 3.399717e+01 control 008 342 Th_f Final hepatocellular mean transit time 2649.257701 sec 1.016058e+02 control 008 343 Th Hepatocellular mean transit time 2014.253087 sec 0.000000e+00 control 008 344 khe Hepatocellular uptake rate 0.005338 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 008 345 Kbh Biliary tissue excretion rate 0.000496 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 008 346 Khe Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 0.039061 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 008 347 kbh Biliary excretion rate 0.000429 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 008 348 kbh_i Initial biliary excretion rate 0.000626 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 008 349 kbh_f Final biliary excretion rate 0.000326 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 008 350 CL Liver blood clearance 5.494632 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 control 008 351 S02a Aorta second signal scale factor 7213.223768 a.u. 1.250583e+01 drug 008 352 S02l Liver second signal scale factor 5896.520454 a.u. 9.520784e+01 drug 008 353 BAT2 Second bolus arrival time 8206.330887 sec 4.600787e-01 drug 008 354 BAT First bolus arrival time 70.797927 sec 4.748325e-01 drug 008 355 CO Cardiac output 158.335908 mL/sec 2.180287e+00 drug 008 356 Thl Heart-lung mean transit time 14.676193 sec 5.474237e-01 drug 008 357 Dhl Heart-lung dispersion 0.439445 1.279271e-02 drug 008 358 To Organs blood mean transit time 26.042066 sec 7.133236e-01 drug 008 359 Eo Organs extraction fraction 0.090136 2.688561e-03 drug 008 360 Toe Organs extravascular mean transit time 532.547382 sec 2.631766e+01 drug 008 361 Eb Body extraction fraction 0.026214 9.049309e-04 drug 008 362 H Hematocrit 0.450000 0.000000e+00 drug 008 363 ve Liver extracellular volume fraction 0.165721 mL/cm3 5.903685e-03 drug 008 364 Te Extracellular mean transit time 32.118697 sec 2.011880e+00 drug 008 365 De Extracellular dispersion 0.592658 3.675697e-02 drug 008 366 khe_i Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000209 mL/sec/cm3 1.599233e-05 drug 008 367 khe_f Final hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000489 mL/sec/cm3 4.647717e-05 drug 008 368 Th_i Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 20877.785983 sec 1.922568e+04 drug 008 369 Th_f Final hepatocellular mean transit time 4267.646017 sec 1.000713e+03 drug 008 370 Th Hepatocellular mean transit time 12572.716000 sec 0.000000e+00 drug 008 371 khe Hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000349 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 008 372 Kbh Biliary tissue excretion rate 0.000080 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 008 373 Khe Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 0.002105 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 008 374 kbh Biliary excretion rate 0.000066 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 008 375 kbh_i Initial biliary excretion rate 0.000040 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 008 376 kbh_f Final biliary excretion rate 0.000195 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 008 377 CL Liver blood clearance 0.307174 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 drug 008 378 S02a Aorta second signal scale factor 5614.095990 a.u. 1.278572e+01 control 009 379 S02l Liver second signal scale factor 4185.823333 a.u. 1.608186e+01 control 009 380 BAT2 Second bolus arrival time 7764.953323 sec 1.244043e-01 control 009 381 BAT First bolus arrival time 78.184332 sec 1.247983e-01 control 009 382 CO Cardiac output 189.815749 mL/sec 2.682260e+00 control 009 383 Thl Heart-lung mean transit time 9.418273 sec 1.675108e-01 control 009 384 Dhl Heart-lung dispersion 0.517182 1.081273e-02 control 009 385 To Organs blood mean transit time 35.438649 sec 1.172468e+00 control 009 386 Eo Organs extraction fraction 0.138256 5.645369e-03 control 009 387 Toe Organs extravascular mean transit time 398.745514 sec 2.420868e+01 control 009 388 Eb Body extraction fraction 0.057011 1.766908e-03 control 009 389 H Hematocrit 0.450000 0.000000e+00 control 009 390 ve Liver extracellular volume fraction 0.158843 mL/cm3 1.980078e-02 control 009 391 Te Extracellular mean transit time 36.248496 sec 5.868621e+00 control 009 392 De Extracellular dispersion 0.727236 5.857299e-02 control 009 393 khe_i Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 0.003823 mL/sec/cm3 7.816188e-05 control 009 394 khe_f Final hepatocellular uptake rate 0.003446 mL/sec/cm3 1.004097e-04 control 009 395 Th_i Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 1827.076173 sec 6.021221e+01 control 009 396 Th_f Final hepatocellular mean transit time 1600.370393 sec 6.971216e+01 control 009 397 Th Hepatocellular mean transit time 1713.723283 sec 0.000000e+00 control 009 398 khe Hepatocellular uptake rate 0.003635 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 009 399 Kbh Biliary tissue excretion rate 0.000584 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 009 400 Khe Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 0.022881 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 009 401 kbh Biliary excretion rate 0.000491 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 009 402 kbh_i Initial biliary excretion rate 0.000460 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 009 403 kbh_f Final biliary excretion rate 0.000526 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 009 404 CL Liver blood clearance 4.310945 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 control 009 405 S02a Aorta second signal scale factor 5523.416976 a.u. 1.133359e+01 drug 009 406 S02l Liver second signal scale factor 4208.138998 a.u. 3.057133e+01 drug 009 407 BAT2 Second bolus arrival time 9222.412807 sec 1.305075e-01 drug 009 408 BAT First bolus arrival time 77.324044 sec 1.381512e-01 drug 009 409 CO Cardiac output 173.062127 mL/sec 2.070423e+00 drug 009 410 Thl Heart-lung mean transit time 14.795897 sec 1.980589e-01 drug 009 411 Dhl Heart-lung dispersion 0.556340 9.254525e-03 drug 009 412 To Organs blood mean transit time 45.449484 sec 1.177511e+00 drug 009 413 Eo Organs extraction fraction 0.102133 3.903546e-03 drug 009 414 Toe Organs extravascular mean transit time 482.066899 sec 2.897489e+01 drug 009 415 Eb Body extraction fraction 0.026188 1.039769e-03 drug 009 416 H Hematocrit 0.450000 0.000000e+00 drug 009 417 ve Liver extracellular volume fraction 0.226161 mL/cm3 7.911607e-03 drug 009 418 Te Extracellular mean transit time 58.179047 sec 3.320640e+00 drug 009 419 De Extracellular dispersion 0.698639 2.587196e-02 drug 009 420 khe_i Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000137 mL/sec/cm3 3.032187e-05 drug 009 421 khe_f Final hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000250 mL/sec/cm3 4.299505e-05 drug 009 422 Th_i Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 3446.228190 sec 1.794918e+03 drug 009 423 Th_f Final hepatocellular mean transit time 2128.715626 sec 8.619840e+02 drug 009 424 Th Hepatocellular mean transit time 2787.471908 sec 0.000000e+00 drug 009 425 khe Hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000194 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 009 426 Kbh Biliary tissue excretion rate 0.000359 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 009 427 Khe Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 0.000856 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 009 428 kbh Biliary excretion rate 0.000278 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 009 429 kbh_i Initial biliary excretion rate 0.000225 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 009 430 kbh_f Final biliary excretion rate 0.000364 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 009 431 CL Liver blood clearance 0.232166 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 drug 009 432 S02a Aorta second signal scale factor 6967.478796 a.u. 1.780706e+01 control 010 433 S02l Liver second signal scale factor 5657.792190 a.u. 6.964524e+01 control 010 434 BAT2 Second bolus arrival time 8512.439468 sec 1.870033e-01 control 010 435 BAT First bolus arrival time 77.623629 sec 1.847257e-01 control 010 436 CO Cardiac output 118.699844 mL/sec 1.586037e+00 control 010 437 Thl Heart-lung mean transit time 9.730773 sec 2.343620e-01 control 010 438 Dhl Heart-lung dispersion 0.587696 1.326081e-02 control 010 439 To Organs blood mean transit time 46.747598 sec 1.441071e+00 control 010 440 Eo Organs extraction fraction 0.142409 5.074930e-03 control 010 441 Toe Organs extravascular mean transit time 537.679308 sec 3.019484e+01 control 010 442 Eb Body extraction fraction 0.034614 1.571578e-03 control 010 443 H Hematocrit 0.450000 0.000000e+00 control 010 444 ve Liver extracellular volume fraction 0.152253 mL/cm3 2.931518e-02 control 010 445 Te Extracellular mean transit time 39.061743 sec 8.401429e+00 control 010 446 De Extracellular dispersion 0.746072 6.747360e-02 control 010 447 khe_i Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 0.004405 mL/sec/cm3 9.682610e-05 control 010 448 khe_f Final hepatocellular uptake rate 0.005014 mL/sec/cm3 1.631444e-04 control 010 449 Th_i Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 1560.172305 sec 4.873335e+01 control 010 450 Th_f Final hepatocellular mean transit time 1566.114782 sec 4.899252e+01 control 010 451 Th Hepatocellular mean transit time 1563.143543 sec 0.000000e+00 control 010 452 khe Hepatocellular uptake rate 0.004710 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 010 453 Kbh Biliary tissue excretion rate 0.000640 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 010 454 Khe Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 0.030933 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 010 455 kbh Biliary excretion rate 0.000542 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 010 456 kbh_i Initial biliary excretion rate 0.000543 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 010 457 kbh_f Final biliary excretion rate 0.000541 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 control 010 458 CL Liver blood clearance 5.067060 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 control 010 459 S02a Aorta second signal scale factor 7287.338690 a.u. 2.510896e+01 drug 010 460 S02l Liver second signal scale factor 5037.251988 a.u. 6.665220e+01 drug 010 461 BAT2 Second bolus arrival time 7706.359765 sec 5.282948e-01 drug 010 462 BAT First bolus arrival time 82.850654 sec 5.228489e-01 drug 010 463 CO Cardiac output 123.530053 mL/sec 1.709752e+00 drug 010 464 Thl Heart-lung mean transit time 14.778586 sec 6.562222e-01 drug 010 465 Dhl Heart-lung dispersion 0.530941 1.629523e-02 drug 010 466 To Organs blood mean transit time 43.355999 sec 1.189318e+00 drug 010 467 Eo Organs extraction fraction 0.147236 4.362527e-03 drug 010 468 Toe Organs extravascular mean transit time 553.233689 sec 2.985996e+01 drug 010 469 Eb Body extraction fraction 0.029055 1.537949e-03 drug 010 470 H Hematocrit 0.450000 0.000000e+00 drug 010 471 ve Liver extracellular volume fraction 0.242355 mL/cm3 9.597265e-03 drug 010 472 Te Extracellular mean transit time 55.140279 sec 3.626849e+00 drug 010 473 De Extracellular dispersion 0.736130 2.753632e-02 drug 010 474 khe_i Initial hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000161 mL/sec/cm3 5.436753e-05 drug 010 475 khe_f Final hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000280 mL/sec/cm3 7.194538e-05 drug 010 476 Th_i Initial hepatocellular mean transit time 3580.259458 sec 8.007875e+03 drug 010 477 Th_f Final hepatocellular mean transit time 15924.901908 sec 2.177323e+04 drug 010 478 Th Hepatocellular mean transit time 9752.580683 sec 0.000000e+00 drug 010 479 khe Hepatocellular uptake rate 0.000221 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 010 480 Kbh Biliary tissue excretion rate 0.000103 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 010 481 Khe Hepatocellular tissue uptake rate 0.000911 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 010 482 kbh Biliary excretion rate 0.000078 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 010 483 kbh_i Initial biliary excretion rate 0.000212 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 010 484 kbh_f Final biliary excretion rate 0.000048 mL/sec/cm3 0.000000e+00 drug 010 485 CL Liver blood clearance 0.244889 mL/sec 0.000000e+00 drug 010 .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 178-183 Plot individual results ----------------------- Now lets visualise the main results from the study by plotting the drug effect for all volunteers, and for both biomarkers: uptake rate ``khe`` and excretion rate ``kbh``: .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 183-223 .. code-block:: Python # Set up the figure clr = ['tab:blue', 'tab:orange', 'tab:green', 'tab:red', 'tab:purple', 'tab:brown', 'tab:pink', 'tab:gray', 'tab:olive', 'tab:cyan'] fs = 10 fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(8,3)) fig.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.5) ax1.set_title('Hepatocellular uptake rate', fontsize=fs, pad=10) ax1.set_ylabel('khe (mL/min/100mL)', fontsize=fs) ax1.set_ylim(0, 60) ax1.tick_params(axis='x', labelsize=fs) ax1.tick_params(axis='y', labelsize=fs) ax2.set_title('Biliary excretion rate', fontsize=fs, pad=10) ax2.set_ylabel('kbh (mL/min/100mL)', fontsize=fs) ax2.set_ylim(0, 6) ax2.tick_params(axis='x', labelsize=fs) ax2.tick_params(axis='y', labelsize=fs) # Pivot data for both visits to wide format for easy access: v1 = pd.pivot_table(results[results.visit=='control'], values='value', columns='parameter', index='subject') v2 = pd.pivot_table(results[results.visit=='drug'], values='value', columns='parameter', index='subject') # Plot the rate constants in units of mL/min/100mL for s in v1.index: x = ['baseline'] khe = [6000*v1.at[s,'khe']] kbh = [6000*v1.at[s,'kbh']] if s in v2.index: x += ['rifampicin'] khe += [6000*v2.at[s,'khe']] kbh += [6000*v2.at[s,'kbh']] color = clr[int(s)-1] ax1.plot(x, khe, '-', label=s, marker='o', markersize=6, color=color) ax2.plot(x, kbh, '-', label=s, marker='o', markersize=6, color=color) plt.show() # Choose the last image as a thumbnail for the gallery # sphinx_gallery_thumbnail_number = -1 .. image-sg:: /examples/liver/images/sphx_glr_plot_tristan_volunteers_2scan_002.png :alt: Hepatocellular uptake rate, Biliary excretion rate :srcset: /examples/liver/images/sphx_glr_plot_tristan_volunteers_2scan_002.png :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-timing **Total running time of the script:** (30 minutes 13.362 seconds) .. _sphx_glr_download_examples_liver_plot_tristan_volunteers_2scan.py: .. only:: html .. container:: sphx-glr-footer sphx-glr-footer-example .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-jupyter :download:`Download Jupyter notebook: plot_tristan_volunteers_2scan.ipynb ` .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-python :download:`Download Python source code: plot_tristan_volunteers_2scan.py ` .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-zip :download:`Download zipped: plot_tristan_volunteers_2scan.zip ` .. only:: html .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-signature `Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery `_